{"id":100,"date":"2008-07-03T11:43:42","date_gmt":"2008-07-03T16:43:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=100"},"modified":"2017-01-30T14:17:19","modified_gmt":"2017-01-30T20:17:19","slug":"past-perfect-continuous","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/verbs\/past-perfect-continuous\/","title":{"rendered":"Past Perfect Continuous"},"content":{"rendered":"

Just like the present perfect continuous, the past perfect continuous<\/strong> is also a very particular mood, used in reference to an action or state which had taken place before another action, while the narrator never witnessed it personally (note the construction of the past perfect continuous<\/strong> is dependent upon the past participle<\/a>).<\/p>\n

In Persian this mood is formed by the addition of the personal copulas to the past participle of the main verb, invariably followed by the past participle of the verb \u201cto be,\u201d that is, \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
He had said.<\/td>\ngofte bude ast<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources pastperfectcont_01]\u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
We had seen.<\/td>\ndide bude-yim<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources pastperfectcont_02]\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
They had heard.<\/td>\n\u0161anide bude-and<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources pastperfectcont_03]\u0634\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

While this mood is very sparingly used in English, it is used in Persian often. In colloquial Persian, the third copula is elided:<\/p>\n

[tag resources pastperfectcont_04]\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u2190 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u064f\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646[\/tag]
\nin r\u0101 be to gofte budehand \u2192 in ro be to gofte budan<\/em>
\n\u201cThey had said this to you.\u201d<\/h5>\n

[tag resources pastperfectcont_05]\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u2190 \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u064f\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647[\/tag]
\ndoctor m\u0101dara\u0161 r\u0101 dide bude ast, am\u0101 xabar nad\u0101\u0161te ast \u2192
\ndoctor m\u0101dara\u0161 ro dide bude, am\u0101 xabar nad\u0101\u0161te<\/em>
\n\u201cThe doctor had seen her mother, but she had no idea.\u201d<\/p>\n

[tag resources pastperfectcont_06]\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u2190 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u063a\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647[\/tag]
\nkasi be \u0101nj\u0101 \u0101made bude ast, bedun-e inke pey\u03b3\u0101mi goz\u0101\u0161te b\u0101\u0161ad \u2192
\nkasi onj\u0101 umade bude, bedun-e inke pey\u03b3\u0101mi goz\u0101\u0161te b\u0101\u0161e<\/em>
\n\u2018someone had come there without having left any messages\u2019<\/p>\n

In a very special historical narration, this mood is replaced with the present perfect, especially with the verb \u201cto be,\u201d and, in that, this mood does not correspond exactly to its construction in English in all occasions.<\/p>\n

Compare and contrast the following sentences:<\/p>\n

[tag resources pastperfectcont_07] \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \/[\/tag][tag resources pastperfectcont_07] \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 [\/tag]
\n\u0161\u0101h-e qabli \u0161\u0101h-e behtari bude ast\/\u0161\u0101h-e qabli \u0161\u0101h-e behtari bude<\/em>
\n\u201cThe previous king had (had) been a better one.\u201d<\/h5>\n

[tag resources pastperfectcont_08]\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\n\u0161\u0101h-e qabli k\u0101rhaye behtari karde bude ast<\/em>
\n\u201cThe previous king had (had) done a better job.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Just like the present perfect continuous, the past perfect continuous is also a very particular mood, used in reference to an action or state which had taken place before another action, while the narrator never witnessed it personally (note the construction of the past perfect continuous is dependent upon the past participle). In Persian this […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-100","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4531,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100\/revisions\/4531"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}