{"id":104,"date":"2008-07-03T11:55:24","date_gmt":"2008-07-03T16:55:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=104"},"modified":"2009-05-05T08:40:46","modified_gmt":"2009-05-05T14:40:46","slug":"past-stem-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/verbs\/past-stem-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Past Stem"},"content":{"rendered":"

The past stem<\/strong> in Persian is simply formed by removing “an” from the end of the infinitive. Then, personal endings are added to this stem. For example, for the verb ‘to laugh,’ remove ‘an’ from the infinitive[tag resources paststem_01] \u062e\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 [\/tag] xandidan<\/em> to make [tag resources paststem_02]\u062e\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f [\/tag] xandid<\/em> “He laughed,” and then add the first person singular ending[tag resources paststem_03] \u0645 [\/tag]to make[tag resources paststem_04] \u062e\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0645 [\/tag] xandidam<\/em>
\n“I laughed.” The past tense third-person singular does not have an ending. Hence, “He laughed” is the same as the past stem[tag resources paststem_05] \u062e\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f[\/tag] xandid<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The personal endings in the past tense are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
I<\/td>\nam<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources presentstem_06]\u0645\\\u0640\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
you<\/td>\nyi<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources presentstem_08]\u06cc\\\u0640\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00d8<\/td>\n\u00d8<\/td>\n \u00d8 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
we<\/td>\nim<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources presentstem_07]\u06cc\u0645\\\u0640\u06cc\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
you<\/td>\nid<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources presentstem_09]\u06cc\u062f\\\u0640\u06cc\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
they<\/td>\nand<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources presentstem_11]\u0646\u062f\\\u0640\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Unlike in English, in Persian, when in a single sentence or two or more dependent clauses in the past tense more than one verb is incorporated, the first verb sets the tense (in the past) and the rest of the verbs are invariably in the present tense. For example:<\/p>\n

[tag resources paststem_11]\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nmotevajjeh \u0161odam ke u dar x\u0101ne nist<\/em>
\n\u201cI realized that he\/she was not at home.\u201d<\/p>\n

[tag resources paststem_12]\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nbe man goft ke xaste ast<\/em>
\n\u201cS\/he told me that s\/he was tired.\u201d<\/p>\n

[tag resources paststem_13]\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nbe man goft ke u r\u0101 nadide ast<\/em>
\n\u201cS\/he told me that s\/he had not seen him\/her.\u201d<\/p>\n

[tag resources paststem_14]\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nb\u0101yad mi fahmidam ke u dar \u0101b\u0101d\u0101n xo\u0161h\u0101l ast<\/em>
\n\u201cI should have realized that s\/he was happy in Abadan.\u201d<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The past stem in Persian is simply formed by removing “an” from the end of the infinitive. Then, personal endings are added to this stem. For example, for the verb ‘to laugh,’ remove ‘an’ from the infinitive[tag resources paststem_01] \u062e\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 [\/tag] xandidan to make [tag resources paststem_02]\u062e\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f [\/tag] xandid “He laughed,” and then add the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-104","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3938,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/104\/revisions\/3938"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}