{"id":44,"date":"2008-06-26T16:11:53","date_gmt":"2008-06-26T21:11:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=44"},"modified":"2009-06-25T13:24:04","modified_gmt":"2009-06-25T19:24:04","slug":"determiners","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/determiners\/","title":{"rendered":"Determiners"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A clitic is a character or set of characters that is attached to the end of another word to make an enclitic.\u00a0 Generally speaking, the Persian <strong>determiner<\/strong>, i.e., <a href=\"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/determiners\/determiners-2\/\">the indefinite enclitic<\/a>,  \u06cc , corresponds with the English &#8216;a, an, some,&#8217; and &#8216;several&#8217;.  It is also a counterpart to \u06cc\u06a9 \u2018one\u2019 in Persian. Thus \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 <em>yek ket\u0101b<\/em> and \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc <em>ket\u0101bi<\/em> both mean the same: \u2018one book, a book.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>In addition to nouns, the indefinite \u06cc only concerns the <a href=\"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/adjectives\/conjunctions\/\" target=\"_blank\">adjectival construction<\/a> (and not the <a href=\"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/pronouns\/pronouns-6\/\" target=\"_blank\">possessive construction<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>In the plural this \u06cc means \u2018some, several\u2019 indefinite things; that is, non-specific plural nouns: \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc means \u2018some books, several books.\u2019<\/p>\n<h5>[tag resources indef-b-01].\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645[\/tag]<em><\/em><br \/>\n<em>az \u0101nj\u0101 ket\u0101b h\u0101yi xub xaridim<\/em><br \/>\n&#8220;We bought (some) good books there.&#8221;<\/h5>\n<p>Also, this enclitic <span class=\"persian-script\">\u06cc<\/span> is mobile; it can be moved and placed either at the end of the noun or the adjective:<\/p>\n<p><em>Singular:<\/em><\/p>\n<table class=\"border\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\" width=\"500\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>an expensive book<\/td>\n<td><em>ket\u0101bi ger\u0101n<\/em><br \/>\n<em>ket\u0101b-e ger\u0101ni<\/em><\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">[tag resources indef-c-01]\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646[\/tag]<br \/>\n[tag resources indef-c-02]\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>a kind mother<\/td>\n<td><em>m\u0101dari mehr<\/em>(<em>a<\/em>)<em>b\u0101n<\/em><br \/>\n<em>m\u0101dar-e mehr<\/em>(<em>a<\/em>)<em>b\u0101ni<\/em><\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">[tag resources indef-c-03]\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646[\/tag]<br \/>\n[tag resources indef-c-04]\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>Plural:<\/em><\/p>\n<table class=\"border\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\" width=\"500\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>some expensive books<\/td>\n<td><em>ket\u0101b h\u0101-yi ger\u0101n<\/em><br \/>\n<em>ket\u0101b h\u0101-ye ger\u0101ni<\/em><\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">[tag resources indef-c-05]\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646[\/tag]<br \/>\n[tag resources indef-c-06]\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>some\/several kind mothers<\/td>\n<td><em>m\u0101dar h\u0101-yi mehrb\u0101n<\/em><br \/>\n<em>m\u0101dar h\u0101-ye mehrb\u0101ni<\/em><\/td>\n<td align=\"right\">[tag resources indef-c-07]\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646[\/tag]<br \/>\n[tag resources indef-c-08]\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Normally, after a final long \/<em>\u0101<\/em>\/ and long \/<em>\u016b<\/em>\/ an euphonic \u06cc intervenes, and after a long \/<em>\u012b<\/em>\/ and the silent \/<em>h<\/em>\/, an <em>alef<\/em> intervenes (although still the \u06cc\u06cc form is the best choice); thus:<\/p>\n<h5>[tag resources indef-d-01]\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u06cc[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>n\u0101xod\u0101-ye m\u0101heri<\/em><br \/>\n[tag resources indef-d-02]\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>n\u0101xod\u0101-yi m\u0101her<\/em><br \/>\n\u2018a skilled ship captain\u2019<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources indef-d-03]\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0632\u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>d\u0101ne\u0161ju-ye zerangi<\/em><br \/>\n[tag resources indef-d-04]\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0632\u0631\u0646\u06af[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>d\u0101ne\u0161ju-yi zerang<\/em><br \/>\n\u2018a hard-working student\u2019<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources indef-d-05]\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>sandali-ye \u0161ekaste-yi<\/em><br \/>\n[tag resources indef-d-06]\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0647[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>sandali-yi \u0161ekaste<\/em><br \/>\n\u2018a broken chair\u2019<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources indef-d-07]\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0654 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0634\u06cc[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>j\u0101me-ye banaf\u0161i<\/em><br \/>\n[tag resources indef-d-08]   \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0634[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>j\u0101me-yi banaf\u0161<\/em><br \/>\n\u2018a violet shirt\/garment\u2019<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A clitic is a character or set of characters that is attached to the end of another word to make an enclitic.\u00a0 Generally speaking, the Persian determiner, i.e., the indefinite enclitic, \u06cc , corresponds with the English &#8216;a, an, some,&#8217; and &#8216;several&#8217;. It is also a counterpart to \u06cc\u06a9 \u2018one\u2019 in Persian. Thus \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-44","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44"}],"version-history":[{"count":47,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4436,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44\/revisions\/4436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}