{"id":79,"date":"2008-07-01T16:35:47","date_gmt":"2008-07-01T21:35:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=79"},"modified":"2009-06-25T13:26:22","modified_gmt":"2009-06-25T19:26:22","slug":"determiners-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/determiners\/determiners-2\/","title":{"rendered":"The Indefinite Enclitic"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/em><\/p>\n

Here are some additional things to keep in mind about the primary Persian determiner<\/a>, the indefinite enclitic<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Remember that \u06cc\u06cc<\/span> ,\u0627\u06cc<\/span> , and \u0626\u06cc<\/span> are orthographic variations of the same feature; hence \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c \u06cc\u06cc<\/span>x\u0101nei<\/em> ‘a house’ \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c \u0627\u06cc<\/span>, and \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c \u0626\u06cc<\/span> are the same, although through time some forms have become more common: [tag resources indef-e-04]\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc<\/span>[\/tag] , [tag resources indef-e-03]\u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u06cc<\/span>[\/tag] , [tag resources indef-e-02]\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/span>[\/tag] , [tag resources indef-e-01]\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u06cc<\/span>[\/tag].<\/p>\n

It must be understood that the \u0626\u06cc<\/span> form (with hamze<\/em>) is not really correct; as explained in the section dealing with hamze<\/em><\/a>, this feature belongs exclusively to the Arabic words and cannot be taken as a Persian grammatical feature. Therefore it is preferable to use \u06cc\u06cc<\/span> and \u0627\u06cc<\/span>, rather than \u0626\u06cc<\/span>.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, in the case of the Arabic loanwords, the usage of hamze<\/em> is necessary and \/alef<\/em>\/ or \/\u06cc\u0640<\/span>\/ may not be used in these words. It is only in words and features of Persian origin (suffixes, enclitics, etc.), that the usage of the hamze<\/em> is inadmissible: [tag resources indef-g-01]\u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633<\/span>[\/tag] (Arabic \u2018chief, master\u2019), but [tag resources indef-g-02]\u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u0647<\/span>[\/tag] (Persian \u2018mirror\u2019), never write \u0622\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u0647<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Although the indefinite enclitic \u06cc<\/span> is mobile and can be placed at the end of the noun or the adjective by choice, it is more common that in the nouns or adjectives with a final \u06cc<\/span>, the indefinite enclitic attached to the word which does not end in a final \u06cc<\/span>: [tag resources indef-h-01]\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u06cc<\/span>[\/tag] sandali-ye bozorgi<\/em> ‘a big chair’, instead of [tag resources indef-h-02]\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af<\/span>[\/tag], which is not incorrect, but is hard on the tongue. Therefore, to say [tag resources indef-h-03]\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0634\u0645\u06cc<\/span>[\/tag]pir\u0101hani ya\u0161mi<\/em> \u2018(an) olive-green shirt\u2019 is more comfortable to pronounce than [tag resources indef-h-04]\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u06cc\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u06cc<\/span>[\/tag], etc.<\/p>\n

In a segment in which a noun is modified by more than one adjective, the indefinite enclitic is either attached to the noun or the last<\/em> adjective. The order of the adjectives is not as specific as in English:<\/p>\n

[tag resources ps indef-i-01]\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u060c \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627[\/tag]
\nx\u0101nei bozorg sefid va zib\u0101<\/em>
\n‘a big, white and beautiful house’
\nor
\n[tag resources indef-i-02]\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0654 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u060c \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/span>[\/tag]
\nx\u0101ne-ye bozorg sefid va zib\u0101i<\/em>
\n\u2018a big, beautiful, white house\u2019<\/h5>\n

In the Colloquial Persian the indefinite enclitic always comes after the noun-adjective segment. That is to say, instead of [tag resources ps indef-j-01]\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627[\/tag]x\u0101nei zib\u0101i<\/em> ‘a beautiful house’, [tag resources ps indef-j-02]\u0645\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af[\/tag] mardi bozorg<\/em> ‘a big\/great man’ , [tag resources ps indef-j-03]\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f[\/tag], ket\u0101bi mofid<\/em> ‘a useful book’, etc. [tag resources ps indef-j-04]\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0654 \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06cc[\/tag]x\u0101ne-ye zib\u0101i<\/em> ‘a beautiful house’ , [tag resources ps indef-j-05]\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u06cc[\/tag] mard-e bozorgi<\/em> ‘a big\/great man’, [tag resources ps indef-j-06]\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u06cc[\/tag] ket\u0101b-e mofidi<\/em> ‘a useful book’, etc. are used colloquially.<\/p>\n

As a result, since in such noun-adjective segments as [tag resources indef-k-01]\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u06cc\u0634\u0645\u06cc<\/span>[\/tag] the indefinite \u06cc<\/span> is expected to come after the \u06cc<\/span> of the adjective \u06cc\u0634\u0645\u06cc<\/span>, in the spoken Persian it is more common to use the word ye<\/em> (formal yek<\/em> \u2018a, one\u2019) instead of the indefinite enclitic: ye piran-e ya\u0161mi<\/em>, ye sandali-ye bozorg<\/em>, etc.<\/p>\n

It is normal in Colloquial Persian to combine ye<\/em> \u2018a\u2019, and the indefinite enclitic (which means \u2018a\u2019 as well):<\/p>\n

[tag resources indef-l-01]\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0645[\/tag]
\nye mardi didam<\/em>
\n“I saw a man.”<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Here are some additional things to keep in mind about the primary Persian determiner, the indefinite enclitic: Remember that \u06cc\u06cc ,\u0627\u06cc , and \u0626\u06cc are orthographic variations of the same feature; hence \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c \u06cc\u06ccx\u0101nei ‘a house’ \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c \u0627\u06cc, and \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c \u0626\u06cc are the same, although through time some forms have become more common: [tag resources […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":44,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-79","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/79","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/79\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4437,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/79\/revisions\/4437"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}