Chapter 8

Alcohol has both physiological and psychological effects. Physiological effects are due to chemical or biological changes, whereas psychological effects are related to expectancies, or the beliefs about how alcohol affects behavior. Patel, A.B., & Fromme, K. (2010). In. I. Stolerman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 1 (pp. 517-520). Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: Springer‐Verlag.