{"id":107,"date":"2008-07-03T12:03:42","date_gmt":"2008-07-03T17:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=107"},"modified":"2011-11-11T09:14:50","modified_gmt":"2011-11-11T15:14:50","slug":"infinitive","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/verbs\/infinitive\/","title":{"rendered":"Infinitives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>There are two classes of <strong>infinitives<\/strong> in Persian: verbs ending in <em>\u2013dan<\/em>, as in[tag resources infinitives_01] \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]<em>didan<\/em> \u2018to see,\u2019 [tag resources infinitives_02]    \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]<em>xordan<\/em> \u2018to eat\u2019; and verbs ending in <em>\u2013tan<\/em>, as in[tag resources infinitives_03]   \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0646  [\/tag]<em>goftan<\/em> \u2018to say,\u2019[tag resources infinitives_04]   \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0646 [\/tag]<em>ne\u0161astan<\/em> \u2018to sit.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>In the case of verbs ending in -dan, the infinitival suffix may follow:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a vowel:[tag resources infinitives_05]  \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]<em>d\u0101dan<\/em> \u2018to give,\u2019[tag resources infinitives_06] \u0634\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0646[\/tag]<em>\u0161anidan<\/em> \u2018to hear,\u2019[tag resources infinitives_07] \u06af\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0646  [\/tag] <em>go\u0161udan<\/em> \u2018to open\u2019<\/li>\n<li>the flap (\/r\/):[tag resources infinitives_08]  \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]<em>xordan<\/em> \u2018to eat,\u2019 [tag resources infinitives_09]  \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]<em>mordan<\/em> \u2018to die,\u2019[tag resources infinitives_10] \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646  [\/tag]<em>kardan<\/em> \u2018to do\u2019<\/li>\n<li>the nasal \/n\/:[tag resources infinitives_11] \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0646  [\/tag]<em>kandan<\/em> \u2018to cut off, dig,\u2019[tag resources infinitives_12]  \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646  [\/tag]<em>x\u0101ndan<\/em> \u2018to read\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The causative invariably has an [-\u0101n-] ending before its infinitival suffix [-dan]: [tag resources infinitives_13] \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]<em>ne\u0161\u0101ndan<\/em>  \u2018to seat, set,\u2019 &#1582;&#1608;&#1585;&#1575;&#1606;&#1583;&#1606; <em>xor\u0101ndan<\/em> \u2018feed,\u2019 [tag resources infinitives_14] \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]<em>x\u0101b\u0101ndan<\/em> \u2018to put to sleep,\u2019 [tag resources infinitives_15]  \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]<em>suz\u0101ndan<\/em> \u2018to burn.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>In the case of verbs ending in \u2013tan, the infinitival suffix follows a consonant: \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0646 <em>goftan<\/em> \u2018to say,\u2019 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0646 <em>ne\u0161astan<\/em> \u2018to sit,\u2019 [tag resources infinitives_16] \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0646 [\/tag]<em>goza\u0161tan<\/em> \u2018to pass (by),\u2019[tag resources infinitives_17] \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0646 [\/tag]<em>suxtan<\/em> \u2018to burn.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>The infinitive in Persian is normally equated with the English infinitive, but it is more like the English gerund, that is, a verb in -ing when it does not represent a progressive form as in &#8220;Reading is good&#8221;: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a <em>x\u0101ndan k\u0101r-e xubi ast<\/em> &#8220;Reading is good.&#8221; Therefore, in Persian an infinitive also functions as a gerund.<\/p>\n<p>In Persian the only verb with an initial \u012b (\u0627\u06cc) is the verb[tag resources infinitives_18] \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]<em>intransitive verb<\/em> \u2018to stand (up); stop.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>The only verb in Persian with a single sound for the present stem is the verb[tag resources infinitives_19] \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]<em>\u0101madan<\/em> \u2018to come,\u2019 with the present stem \u0622 -\u0101-; as in, <em>mi \u0101-yam<\/em> \u2018I come\u2019 (with an euphionic [-y-] intervening between the stem and the personal suffix -am).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are two classes of infinitives in Persian: verbs ending in \u2013dan, as in[tag resources infinitives_01] \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]didan \u2018to see,\u2019 [tag resources infinitives_02] \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 [\/tag]xordan \u2018to eat\u2019; and verbs ending in \u2013tan, as in[tag resources infinitives_03] \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0646 [\/tag]goftan \u2018to say,\u2019[tag resources infinitives_04] \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0646 [\/tag]ne\u0161astan \u2018to sit.\u2019 In the case of verbs ending in -dan, the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-107","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4504,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/107\/revisions\/4504"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}