{"id":122,"date":"2008-07-03T12:42:37","date_gmt":"2008-07-03T17:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=122"},"modified":"2009-04-23T13:34:06","modified_gmt":"2009-04-23T19:34:06","slug":"subjunctive-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/verbs\/subjunctive-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Perfect Subjunctive"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As we saw in the discussion of the <a href=\"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/verbs\/subjunctive-1\/\">Present Subjunctive<\/a>, under normal circumstances, the subjunctive has to do with elements of doubt, tentativeness, uncertainty, and vagueness. In the section on the <a href=\"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/verbs\/subjunctive-2\/\">Past Subjunctive<\/a>, this is explained in greater detail.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>perfect subjunctive<\/strong> is constructed by adding the present subjunctive of the verb \u201cto be\u201d (that is, \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0640) to the past participle. Just like the past participle, the stress invariably stays on the last syllable of the participle of simple, complex, or compound verbs. The negative is constructed by adding the [na-] prefix to the participle. This particular subjunctive construction corresponds to the English, \u201cmust have \u2026, should have\u2026, could have\u2026, etc.,\u201d representing things like necessity, possibility, desire, or wish.<\/p>\n<p>As is always the case with the subjunctive, this verb also comes prior to a main verb:<\/p>\n<h5>[tag resources perfectsub_01]\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>b\u0101yad u r\u0101 dide b\u0101\u0161id<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cYou must have seen her\/him.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources perfectsub_02]\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u06a9\u0647) \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>behtar ast (ke) \u0101n k\u0101r r\u0101 nakarde b\u0101\u0161ad <\/em><br \/>\n\u201cHe\u2019d better not have done that.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources perfectsub_03]\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a (\u06a9\u0647) \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>momken nist (ke) \u0101nj\u0101 r\u0101 dide b\u0101\u0161and<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cIt isn\u2019t possible for them to have seen that place.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources perfectsub_04]\u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>nami tav\u0101nand \u0101nj\u0101 r\u0101 dide b\u0101\u0161and<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cThey can\u2019t have seen that place.\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>Now compare the following tenses:<\/p>\n<p>Present:<\/p>\n<h5>[tag resources perfectsub_05]\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>mi tav\u0101ni emruz \u0101n r\u0101 bebini<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cYou can\/may see it today.\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>Past:<\/p>\n<h5>[tag resources perfectsub_06]\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>diruz mi tav\u0101nesti \u0101n r\u0101 bebini<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cYou could see it yesterday.\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>Future:<\/p>\n<h5>[tag resources perfectsub_07]\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>mi tav\u0101ni fard\u0101 \u0101n r\u0101 bebini<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cYou can\/may see it tomorrow.\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>Perfect:<\/p>\n<h5>[tag resources perfectsub_08]\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>mi tav\u0101nesti diruz \u0101n r\u0101 b\u0101\u0161i <\/em><br \/>\n\u201cYou could have seen it yesterday.\u201d<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As we saw in the discussion of the Present Subjunctive, under normal circumstances, the subjunctive has to do with elements of doubt, tentativeness, uncertainty, and vagueness. In the section on the Past Subjunctive, this is explained in greater detail. The perfect subjunctive is constructed by adding the present subjunctive of the verb \u201cto be\u201d (that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"menu_order":18,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-122","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=122"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3717,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/122\/revisions\/3717"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}