{"id":128,"date":"2008-07-03T13:38:42","date_gmt":"2008-07-03T18:38:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=128"},"modified":"2009-04-16T10:28:43","modified_gmt":"2009-04-16T16:28:43","slug":"pronouns-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/pronouns\/pronouns-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Verbal Endings"},"content":{"rendered":"

Verb conjugation<\/a> in Persian is very regular and straight forward. There is no particular way of dealing with regular and irregular verbs in the present and past tenses. With pronouns<\/a> all the personal endings<\/strong> are the same the present and past tense, except for the 3rd singular, which in the past tense does not take any ending.<\/p>\n

In the present tense, every indicative verb is accompanied by the prepositional particle \u0645\u06cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
I go.<\/td>\nman mi-ravam<\/em><\/td>\n\u0645\u0646 + \u0645\u06cc + (\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u0654 \u0641\u0639\u0644) + \u0640\u0640\u0640\u064e\u0640\u0640 + \u0640\u0645<\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_01]\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
You go.<\/td>\nt\u00f3 mi-ravi<\/em><\/td>\n\u062a\u0648 + \u0645\u06cc + (\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u0654 \u0641\u0639\u0644) + \u0640\u06cc<\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_02]\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
He\/she goes.<\/td>\nu mi-ravad<\/em><\/td>\n\u0627\u0648 + \u0645\u06cc + (\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u0654 \u0641\u0639\u0644) + \u0640\u0640\u064e\u0640\u0640 + \u0640\u062f<\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_03]\u0627\u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
We go.<\/td>\nm\u0101 mi-ravim<\/em><\/td>\n\u0645\u0627 + \u0645\u06cc + (\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u0654 \u0641\u0639\u0644) + \u2013\u06cc\u0645<\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_04]\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
You go.<\/td>\n\u0161om\u0101 mi-ravid (plural)<\/em><\/td>\n\u0634\u0645\u0627 + \u0645\u06cc + (\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u0654 \u0641\u0639\u0644) + \u0640\u06cc\u062f<\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_05]\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
They go.<\/td>\n\u0101nh\u0101 mi-ravand<\/em><\/td>\n\u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 + \u0645\u06cc + (\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u0654 \u0641\u0639\u0644) + \u0640\u0640\u064e\u0640\u0640 + \u0640\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_06]\u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The past stem of the verb is also the 3rd singular in the past as well (compare the past stem with the 3rd singular):<\/p>\n

Infinitive:<\/p>\n

[tag resources verbalendings_07]\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646[\/tag]
\nraftan<\/em>
\n\u2018to go\u2019<\/h5>\n

Past stem:<\/p>\n

[tag resources verbalendings_08]\u0631\u0641\u062a) \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0640)[\/tag]
\nraft<\/em>
\n‘have gone’<\/h5>\n

Conjugation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
I went.<\/td>\nman raftam<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_09]\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u064e\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
You went.<\/td>\nt\u00f3 rafti<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_10]\u062a\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
He\/she went<\/td>\nu raft<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_11]\u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
We went.<\/td>\nm\u0101 raftim<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_12]\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
You went.<\/td>\n\u0161om\u0101 raftid (plural)<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_13]\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
They went.<\/td>\n\u0101nh\u0101 raftand<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_14]\u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

In complex and compound verbs, the endings are placed at the end of the verbal element of the compound.<\/p>\n

Infinitive:<\/p>\n

[tag resources verbalendings_15]\u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646[\/tag]
\nzendegi kardan <\/em>
\n\u2018to live\u2019<\/h5>\n

Past stem:<\/p>\n

[tag resources verbalendings_16]\u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f[\/tag]
\nzendegi kard<\/em>
\n‘to have lived’<\/h5>\n

Conjugation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
I live<\/td>\nman zendegi mikonam<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_17]\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
You live<\/td>\nto zendegi mikoni (singular)<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_18]\u062a\u0648 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
He\/she lives<\/td>\nu zendegi mikonad<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_19]\u0627\u0648 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
We live<\/td>\nm\u0101 zendegi mikonin<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_20]\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
You live<\/td>\n\u0161om\u0101 zendegi mikonid (plural)<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_21]\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
They live<\/td>\n\u0101nh\u0101 zendegi mikonand (plural)<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_22]\u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The non-verbal element \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc stays constant.<\/p>\n

For the construction of the past stem, we just drop the infinitival endings \u2013dan<\/em> and \u2013tan<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
to go \u2192 went<\/td>\nraftan \u2192 raft<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_23]\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u2190 \u0631\u0641\u062a[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
to do \u2192 done<\/td>\nkardan \u2192 kard<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_24]\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u2190 \u06a9\u0631\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
to see \u2192 saw<\/td>\ndidan \u2192 did<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_25]\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u2190 \u062f\u06cc\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
to say\/tell \u2192 said\/told<\/td>\ngoftan \u2192 goft<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_26]\u06af\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u2190 \u06af\u0641\u062a[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

As we can see below, (1) the non-verbal element \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc stays constant in the past tense as well; and (2) the 3rd singular takes no ending.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
I lived<\/td>\nman zendegi kardam<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_27]\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
You lived<\/td>\nto zendegi kardi<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_28]\u062a\u0648 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
He\/she lived<\/td>\nu zendegi kard<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_29]\u0627\u0648 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
We lived<\/td>\nm\u0101 zendegi kardim<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_30]\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
We lived<\/td>\n\u0161om\u0101 zendegi kardid<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_31]\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
They lived<\/td>\n\u0101nh\u0101 zendegi kardand<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources verbalendings_32]\u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Verb conjugation in Persian is very regular and straight forward. There is no particular way of dealing with regular and irregular verbs in the present and past tenses. With pronouns all the personal endings are the same the present and past tense, except for the 3rd singular, which in the past tense does not take […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":48,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-128","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=128"}],"version-history":[{"count":62,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3545,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/128\/revisions\/3545"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}