{"id":133,"date":"2008-07-03T13:48:07","date_gmt":"2008-07-03T18:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=133"},"modified":"2009-05-20T16:40:22","modified_gmt":"2009-05-20T22:40:22","slug":"pronouns-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/pronouns\/pronouns-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Personal Endings"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
I<\/td>\nam<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources personalendings_02] \u0640\u0640\u064e\u0640\u0640 \u0640\u0645 \/ \u0627\u064e\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
you<\/td>\ni<\/em><\/td>\n [tag resources personalendings_04] \u0640\u06cc \/ \u06cc\u06cc\u066c \u0627\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
he\/she<\/td>\n

Only \u0627\u0633\u062a ast<\/em> \u2018is\u2019 is a full grade verb in this set of pronoun<\/a> personal endings<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

ast<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources personalendings_06] \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
we<\/td>\nim<\/em><\/td>\n [tag resources personalendings_08] \u0640\u06cc\u0645 \/ \u06cc\u06cc\u0645\u066c \u0627\u06cc\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
you<\/td>\nid<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources personalendings_10] \u0640\u06cc\u062f \/ \u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u066c \u0627\u06cc\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
they<\/td>\nand<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources personalendings_12] \u0640\u0646\u062f \/ \u0627\u064e\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

With the exception of[tag resources personalendings_13] \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag], the rest of the endings are the same in the written and spoken dialects.<\/p>\n

In colloquial Persian[tag resources personalendings_14] \u0627\u0633\u062a [\/tag]becomes \u2013e<\/em>. Thus, for example, the formal would be \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a xub ast<\/em> \u2018it is good,\u2019 and the colloquial \u062e\u0648\u0628\u0647 xube<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The endings are used in the conjugation of the verb \u201cto be\u201d. They are attached to the end of nouns and adjectives:<\/p>\n

\n[tag resources personalendings_15]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u064e\u0645\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0645[\/tag]
\nman ir\u0101ni-am<\/em>
\n\u2018I am Iranian, I am an Iranian.\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources personalendings_16]\u062a\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc [\/tag]
\nt\u00f3 xubi<\/em>
\nsingular, \u2018You are good.\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources personalendings_17]\u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a [\/tag]
\nu d\u0101ne\u0161ju ast<\/em>
\n\u2018He\/she is a college student.\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources personalendings_18]\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0645 [\/tag]
\nm\u0101 xo\u0161h\u0101l-im<\/em>
\n\u2018We are happy.\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources personalendings_19]\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u062f [\/tag]
\n\u0161om\u0101 peze\u0161k-id<\/em>
\nplural and formal, \u2018You are a physician.\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources personalendings_20]\u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f [\/tag]
\n\u0101nh\u0101 doctor-and<\/em>
\n\u2018They are physicians.\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources personalendings_21]\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0646\u062f [\/tag]
\n\u012b\u0161\u0101n mo\u2019allem-and<\/em>
\nformal \u2018He\/she is a teacher.\u2019
\n<\/h5>\n

Notice that in spoken Persian,[tag resources personalendings_22] \u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 [\/tag]does not mean \u201cthey\u201d any more. In written materials \u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 could mean \u201che, she\u201d or \u201cthey\u201d and it may be figured out within the context.<\/p>\n

When a noun or adjective ends in a vowel, a euphonic [-y<\/em>-] (which is variably substituted with an alef<\/em>) intervenes. This does not occur before \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

\n[tag resources personalendings_23]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u064e\u0645 [\/tag](most common)
\n[tag resources personalendings_24]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u064e\u0645 [\/tag](rarely used)<\/p>\n

[tag resources personalendings_25]\u062a\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc [\/tag](most common)
\n[tag resources personalendings_26]\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u0627\u06cc [\/tag](rarely used)<\/p>\n

[tag resources personalendings_27]\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06cc\u0645 [\/tag](less common)
\n[tag resources personalendings_28]\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 [\/tag](more common)<\/p>\n

[tag resources personalendings_29]\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062f [\/tag](more common)
\n[tag resources personalendings_30]\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06cc\u062f [\/tag](rarely used)<\/p>\n

[tag resources personalendings_31]\u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f [\/tag](very common)
\n[tag resources personalendings_32]\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u062f [\/tag](rarely used)
\n<\/h5>\n

Since in any case after the vowels a hiatus, or clash of two vowels, occurs, a Persian speaker is more comfortable using the full grade verb \u201cto be\u201d; that is, the verb \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646:<\/p>\n

\n[tag resources personalendings_33]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0645[\/tag]
\nman inj\u0101 hastam<\/em>
\n“I am here.”
\n[tag resources personalendings_34]\u062a\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc[\/tag]
\nto d\u0101ne\u0161ju hasti<\/em>
\n“You are a college student.”
\n[tag resources personalendings_35]\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645[\/tag]
\nm\u0101 x\u0101ne hastim<\/em>
\n“We are home.”
\n[tag resources personalendings_36]\u0622\u06cc\u0627) \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u061f) [\/tag]
\n(\u0101y\u0101) \u0161om\u0101 tehr\u0101ni hastid?<\/em>
\n“Are you from Tehran?”
\n[tag resources personalendings_37]\u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f[\/tag]
\n\u0101nh\u0101 ir\u0101ni hastand<\/em>
\n“They are Iranians.”
\n<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I am [tag resources personalendings_02] \u0640\u0640\u064e\u0640\u0640 \u0640\u0645 \/ \u0627\u064e\u0645[\/tag] you i [tag resources personalendings_04] \u0640\u06cc \/ \u06cc\u06cc\u066c \u0627\u06cc[\/tag] he\/she Only \u0627\u0633\u062a ast \u2018is\u2019 is a full grade verb in this set of pronoun personal endings. ast [tag resources personalendings_06] \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag] we im [tag resources personalendings_08] \u0640\u06cc\u0645 \/ \u06cc\u06cc\u0645\u066c \u0627\u06cc\u0645[\/tag] you id [tag resources personalendings_10] \u0640\u06cc\u062f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":48,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-133","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/133","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=133"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4407,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/133\/revisions\/4407"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}