{"id":203,"date":"2008-07-14T14:49:24","date_gmt":"2008-07-14T19:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=203"},"modified":"2009-03-28T17:17:07","modified_gmt":"2009-03-28T23:17:07","slug":"dipthongs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/phonology\/dipthongs\/","title":{"rendered":"Diphthongs"},"content":{"rendered":"

There are four diphthongs<\/strong> in Modern Persian:<\/p>\n

\u0101y<\/em><\/strong> is a glide very close to–and slightly more open than–\/i\/ in English ‘bite’:<\/p>\n

[tag resources dipthongs_01]\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 [\/tag]
\np\u0101yd\u0101r <\/em>
\n\u2018permanent, perpetual\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources dipthongs_02]\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0644[\/tag]
\np\u0101ym\u0101l <\/em>
\n\u2018trampled upon, suppressed, infringed, disregarded\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources dipthongs_03]\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647[\/tag]
\nj\u0101yg\u0101h <\/em>
\n\u2018place, situation\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources dipthongs_04]\u0686\u0627\u06cc[\/tag]
\nc\u0101y <\/em>
\n\u2018black tea\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources dipthongs_05]\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0646[\/tag]
\nr\u0101yzan <\/em>(also r\u0101yzen<\/em>)
\n\u2018counselor, adviser\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources dipthongs_06]\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646[\/tag]
\nz\u0101ym\u0101n<\/em> (also pronounced z\u0101yem\u0101n<\/em>)
\n\u2018childbirth\u2019<\/h5>\n

Also, there are interjections, such as[tag resources dipthongs_07] \u0622\u06cc [\/tag]\u0101y<\/em> \u2018an expression of pain,’ also ‘ahoy!’, and[tag resources dipthongs_08] \u0648\u0627\u06cc [\/tag]v\u0101y<\/em> \u2018an expression of surprise and astonishment,\u2019 etc. (Also see notes in the section dealing with the Long Vowels<\/a>.)<\/p>\n

In colloquial Persian occasionally some words lose a medial vowel and a cluster with [-\u0101y-] sound remains, namely \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 f\u0101yde<\/em> from the Perso-Arabic f\u0101yede<\/em> \u2018profit,’ ‘gain,’ ‘benefit,’ ‘advantage\u2019, \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0101yne<\/em> from the Persian \u0101yene<\/em>, etc. It must be understood that technically this [-\u0101y-] cluster is not really a diphthong.<\/p>\n

ey<\/em><\/strong> is a glide very close to [-ai-] in ‘pain.’ According to dialectal variations, this diphthong may be pronounced as ay<\/em> (which is historical), but not in Standard Persian. Compare and contrast Classical Persian \u0645\u06cc may<\/em> ~ Modern Persian[tag resources dipthongs_09] \u0645\u06cc [\/tag]mey<\/em> \u2018wine\u2019; Classical Persian \u0646\u06cc nay<\/em> ~ Modern Persian [tag resources dipthongs_10] \u0646\u06cc [\/tag]ney<\/em> \u2018reed.\u2019<\/p>\n

ow<\/em><\/strong> is a glide very close to [-o-] in ‘close.’ According to dialectal variations, this diphthong may be pronounced as aw<\/em> (which is conservative), but not in Standard Persian. Compare and contrast Classical Persian \u062c\u0648 jaw<\/em> ~ Modern Persian[tag resources dipthongs_11] \u062c\u0648 [\/tag]jow<\/em> \u2018barley\u2019; Classical Persian \u0646\u0648 naw<\/em> ~ Modern Persian [tag resources dipthongs_12] \u0646\u0648 [\/tag]now<\/em> \u2018new.’<\/p>\n

It should be noted that in the Tehrani dialect the [-ow-] segment is articulated without the \u201cw\u201d-glide, and
\nfor compensation the [-o-] is lengthened as [-o:-]; for instance, ro:\u03b3an<\/em> for r\u0361ow\u03b3an<\/em> \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u2018oil.’ This is even the case with the loan words; such as, mo:red<\/em> for m\u0361owred<\/em> \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f (Arabic m\u0361awred<\/em>) \u2018instance, case; proper place or time, proper occasion.’<\/p>\n

uy<\/em><\/strong> is a diphthong which usually occurs terminally, and primarily in Classical Persian; and in Modern Persian, it is only used in two instances: (1) in poetry (which always retains the classical features), and (2) in compound words (nouns, verbs, etc.); for instance,[tag resources dipthongs_13] \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0631 [\/tag]juyb\u0101r<\/em> \u2018stream,\u2019 inquirer,'[tag resources dipthongs_14] \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06af\u0631 [\/tag]ruygar<\/em> \u2018zinc-worker,’ ‘coppersmith,\u2019 etc.<\/p>\n

That is to say, in Modern Persian the \/-y\/ has been elided, and a variation with a terminal [-u] alone has already replaced this sound segment (namely \u062c\u0648 ju<\/em>, for the classical variation \u062c\u0648\u06cc juy<\/em> \u2018stream\u2019). The [-uy] segment (with the retention of \/y\/) in compounds. (Also see notes in the section dealing with the Long Vowels<\/a>.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

There are four diphthongs in Modern Persian: \u0101y is a glide very close to–and slightly more open than–\/i\/ in English ‘bite’: [tag resources dipthongs_01]\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 [\/tag] p\u0101yd\u0101r \u2018permanent, perpetual\u2019 [tag resources dipthongs_02]\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0644[\/tag] p\u0101ym\u0101l \u2018trampled upon, suppressed, infringed, disregarded\u2019 [tag resources dipthongs_03]\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647[\/tag] j\u0101yg\u0101h \u2018place, situation\u2019 [tag resources dipthongs_04]\u0686\u0627\u06cc[\/tag] c\u0101y \u2018black tea\u2019 [tag resources dipthongs_05]\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0646[\/tag] r\u0101yzan (also r\u0101yzen) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":52,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-203","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3144,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203\/revisions\/3144"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}