{"id":204,"date":"2008-07-15T12:27:44","date_gmt":"2008-07-15T17:27:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=204"},"modified":"2009-04-23T13:36:09","modified_gmt":"2009-04-23T19:36:09","slug":"prepositional-phrases","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/prepositions\/prepositional-phrases\/","title":{"rendered":"Prepositional Phrases"},"content":{"rendered":"

In addition to single prepositions, there are many prepositional phrases<\/strong> in Persian.\u00a0 They may be categorized in two groups.<\/p>\n

The first group is prepositional phrases which consist of a noun or an adverb preceded by a preposition and followed by the ez\u0101fe<\/em><\/a> [-e] (in English, ‘of,’ as in ‘in front of’).\u00a0 The prepositions most commonly used are dar<\/em> \u2018in, at\u2019 and bar<\/em> \u2018(up)on.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
instead of<\/td>\ndar b\u0101re-ye<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_01]\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0654[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
above, on the top of<\/td>\ndar b\u0101ly\u0101-e <\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_02]\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
between, among, in the middle of<\/td>\n dar beyn-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_03]\u062f\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0646[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
behind, beyond, on the back of<\/td>\ndar pas-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_04]\u062f\u0631\u067e\u0633[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
behind, beyond, on the back of<\/td>\ndar po\u0161t-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_05]\u062f\u0631\u067e\u0634\u062a[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
beside, next to<\/td>\ndar pahlu-ye<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_06]\u062f\u0631\u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
in front of, before<\/td>\n dar pi\u0161-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_07]\u062f\u0631\u067e\u06cc\u0634[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
inside of<\/td>\ndar tu-ye<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_08]\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0648\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
in front of, before<\/td>\n dar jelow-(y)e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_09] (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0644\u0648(\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
around, about<\/td>\ndar dowr-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_10]\u062f\u0631\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0631[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
under, underneath<\/td>\ndar zir-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_11]\u062f\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0631[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
instead of<\/td>\ndar \u201bavaz-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_12]\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0636[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
between, among, in the middle of<\/td>\ndar miy\u0101n-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_13]\u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
inspite of<\/td>\nb\u0101 vojud-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_14]\u0628\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
on, on top of<\/td>\nbar ru-ye<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_15]\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0648\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
on, on top of, at the tip of<\/td>\nbar sar-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_16]\u0628\u0631\u0633\u0631[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
instead of<\/td>\nbe\u201bavaz-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_17]\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0636[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
like<\/td>\nbe mesl-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_18]\u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
instead of, in place of<\/td>\nbe j\u0101-ye<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_19]\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
because of<\/td>\nbe v\u0101sete-ye<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_20]\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0647\u0654[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
by, by the means of<\/td>\nbe vasile-ye<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_21]\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u0654[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
along with<\/td>\nbe hamr\u0101h-e<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_22]\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

In many instances in the colloquial dialect, using the prepositions dar, bar,<\/em> and be,<\/em> is optional.<\/p>\n

The second group includes prepositional phrases which consist of an adverb or an adjective followed by a simple preposition, more frequently az \u2018from, of\u2019:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
after<\/td>\nba\u201bd az<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_23]\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
after<\/td>\npas az<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_24]\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
before<\/td>\npi\u0161 az<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_25]\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
instead of<\/td>\nr\u0101je\u201b be<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_26]\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0647 [\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
except, beside, other than<\/td>\n\u03b3eyr az<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_27]\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
before<\/td>\nqabl az<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_28]\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Although bar\u0101-ye<\/em> more accurately belongs to the prepositional phrases category (in Middle Persian pad<\/em> \u2018to, at\u2019; in New Persian \u0628\u0647 and the direct object post-positioned particle, \u0631\u0627 r\u0101y<\/em>), it is not recognized as such by a modern speaker of Persian.<\/p>\n

It must be noted that there are three be<\/em> prepositions:<\/p>\n

(1) The Persian be<\/em> \u0628\u0647 \u2018to, at\u2019, which is never connected to a following word:<\/p>\n

[tag resources prepphrases_29]!\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u06af\u0648[\/tag]
\n“Tell me!”<\/h5>\n

(2) the verbal prefix [be-]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Sit!<\/td>\nimperfect<\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_30]!\u0628\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I must go<\/td>\nsubjunctive<\/td>\n[tag resources prepphrases_31]\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(3) and the Arabic [bi-] (Persian [be-]) prefix, which is connected:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Good morning!<\/td>\nsobh bexeyr!<\/em><\/td>\nPersian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I must go.<\/td>\nbixayr<\/em> as in ‘ana bixayr’<\/em><\/td>\nArabic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
instead of<\/td>\nbe\u201bavaz-e<\/em><\/td>\nArabic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In addition to single prepositions, there are many prepositional phrases in Persian.\u00a0 They may be categorized in two groups. The first group is prepositional phrases which consist of a noun or an adverb preceded by a preposition and followed by the ez\u0101fe [-e] (in English, ‘of,’ as in ‘in front of’).\u00a0 The prepositions most commonly […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":47,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-204","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=204"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3718,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/204\/revisions\/3718"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}