{"id":29,"date":"2008-06-25T13:13:21","date_gmt":"2008-06-25T18:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=29"},"modified":"2009-06-25T13:29:47","modified_gmt":"2009-06-25T19:29:47","slug":"nouns","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/nouns\/","title":{"rendered":"Nouns"},"content":{"rendered":"

Based on their structure, there are two classes of nouns in Persian: Simple Nouns<\/strong>, such as [tag resources Noun_1-09a]\u06a9\u0650\u062a\u0627\u0628[\/tag] ket\u0101b<\/em> \u2018book,\u2019 and Compound Nouns<\/strong>, such as [tag resources ps Noun_1-09c]\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f[\/tag] d\u0101ne\u0161ma\u02c8nd<\/em> \u2018an erudite, a knowledgeable person.\u2019<\/p>\n

In dealing with the nouns, Single or Compound, the following points should be kept in mind.<\/p>\n

To begin, if a noun is not modified by an adjective or a number, it is invariably single and absolute:<\/p>\n

[tag resources ps Noun_1-04a].\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nin ket\u0101b ast<\/em>
\n“This is a book.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-05a].\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nket\u0101b behtarin dust-e ens\u0101n ast<\/em>
\n“Books are a man’s best friend.” (literally, “Book is man\u2019s best friend.”)<\/h5>\n

In Persian the stress is always on the last syllable of the noun, whether it is of Persian or non-Persian origin (i.e., a loanword); thus:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
book<\/td>\nket<\/em>\u02c8\u0101b<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Noun_1-09a]\u06a9\u0650\u062a\u0627\u0628[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
child<\/td>\nbac<\/em>\u02c8ce<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Noun_1-09b]\u0628\u064e\u0686\u0650\u0651\u0647[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
telephone<\/td>\ntele<\/em>\u02c8fon<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Noun_1-10a]\u062a\u0650\u0644\u0641\u0646[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Anthony<\/td>\n\u0101ntu\u02c8ni<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Noun_1-10b]\u0622\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Muhammad<\/td>\nmoham<\/em>\u02c8mad<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Noun_1-10c]\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mountains (range)<\/td>\nkuhest<\/em>\u02c8\u0101n<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Noun_1-10d]\u06a9\u0648\u0647\u0650\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
computer<\/td>\nk\u0101mpu<\/em>\u02c8ter<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Noun_1-11a]\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

In the vocative, the stress moves to the first syllable of the noun; such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
hey boy\/girl\/kid<\/td>\nbac<\/strong><\/em>\u02c8ce!<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources ps Noun_1-13a]\u0628\u0686\u0651\u0647[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O erudite one!<\/td>\ney d\u0101<\/strong><\/em>\u02c8ne\u0161mand<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources ps Noun_1-14a]\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O God!<\/td>\n(ey<\/em>) xo<\/em><\/strong>\u02c8d\u0101<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources ps Noun_1-14b]\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u062f\u0627[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O Mr. Ahmadi!<\/td>\n\u0101<\/em>\u02c8q\u0101<\/strong>-ye ahmadi!<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources ps Noun_1-14c]\u0622\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u06cc[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Compare and contrast the following:<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-18a]\u0622\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u06cc[\/tag]
\n\u0101q\u0101\u02c8ye ahmadi<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em>
\n\u2018Mr. Ahmadi\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-20a]\u0622\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u06cc[\/tag]
\n\u0101\u02c8q\u0101-ye<\/strong> ahmadi!<\/em>
\n“O, Mr. Ahmadi!”<\/h5>\n

With two stresses: one on the last syllable of \u0101q\u0101<\/strong><\/em>, and the other on the last syllable of ahmadi<\/strong>.<\/em> <\/span><\/p>\n

A noun modified by a number is never pluralized<\/em><\/strong>; that is to say, it is invariably singular<\/em><\/strong>, for example: <\/p>\n

\n[tag resources Noun_1-31a]\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062f[\/tag]
\nyek mard<\/em>
\n\u2018a\/one man\u2019 <\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-31b]\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062f[\/tag]
\ndo mard<\/em>
\n\u2018two men\u2019 <\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-31c]\u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062f[\/tag]
\nbist mard<\/em>
\n\u2018twenty men\u2019
\n<\/h5>\n

As we can see, the noun (that is, \u0645\u0631\u062f mard<\/em> \u2018man\u2019) stays constant and in singular.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Based on their structure, there are two classes of nouns in Persian: Simple Nouns, such as [tag resources Noun_1-09a]\u06a9\u0650\u062a\u0627\u0628[\/tag] ket\u0101b \u2018book,\u2019 and Compound Nouns, such as [tag resources ps Noun_1-09c]\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f[\/tag] d\u0101ne\u0161ma\u02c8nd \u2018an erudite, a knowledgeable person.\u2019 In dealing with the nouns, Single or Compound, the following points should be kept in mind. To begin, if […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29"}],"version-history":[{"count":49,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":505,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29\/revisions\/505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}