{"id":30,"date":"2008-06-25T13:28:07","date_gmt":"2008-06-25T18:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=30"},"modified":"2009-06-25T13:31:04","modified_gmt":"2009-06-25T19:31:04","slug":"noun-in-a-predicative-position","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/nouns\/noun-in-a-predicative-position\/","title":{"rendered":"Noun as a Predicate"},"content":{"rendered":"

A predicate<\/strong> is one of the two main constituents of a sentence or clause, modifying the subject and including the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb.<\/p>\n

When a noun<\/a> is part of the predicate, and it is modified by an attributive adjective, it takes the indefinite enclitic<\/em><\/a> \u06cc, whether it is singular or plural:<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-37a].\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nali pesar-e xubi<\/strong> ast<\/em>
\n“Ali is a good boy.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-39a].\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645 \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f[\/tag]
\n\u0101n film, film-e zib\u0101-yi<\/strong> bud<\/em>
\n“That movie was a beautiful one.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-41a].\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9 \u062d\u0627\u0630\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\ndoctor arde\u0161iri peze\u0161k-e h\u0101zeqi<\/strong> ast<\/em>
\n“Dr. Ardeshiri is a skillful physician.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-44a] .\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nin h\u0101 ket\u0101b h\u0101-ye mofidi<\/strong> ast<\/em>
\n“These are (some) useful books.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-46a] .\u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f[\/tag]
\n\u0101n h\u0101 mard\u0101n-e bozorgi<\/strong> budand<\/em>
\n“They were (some) great men.”<\/h5>\n

NOTE<\/strong>: Remember that \u0627\u0633\u062a ast<\/em> \u2018is\u2019 may be contracted into a preceding long vowel. Therefore, a variation of some of the above sentences would be: [tag resources Noun_1-49a]\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a[\/tag], [tag resources Noun_1-50a]\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9 \u062d\u0627\u0630\u0642\u06cc\u0633\u062a[\/tag], and [tag resources Noun_1-51a]\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0633\u062a[\/tag].<\/p>\n

Nouns can be repeated for emphasis, as in the French:<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-52a].\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06af\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nin h\u0101, gol h\u0101yi xo\u0161bust<\/em>
\n“These flowers smell nice.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-54a].\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u200c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\n\u0101n ket\u0101b, ket\u0101bi \u0101list<\/em>
\n“That book is a magnificent book.”<\/h5>\n

Since the indefinite enclitic<\/em> \u06cc is mobile, in the above sentences it may be placed at the end of the nouns or the adjectives:<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-59a].\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nali pesar-i xub ast<\/em>
\n“Ali is a good boy.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-61a].\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f[\/tag]
\n\u0101n film, filmi zib\u0101 bud<\/em>
\n“That movie was a beautiful one.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-63a] .\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0630\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\ndoctor arde\u0161iri peze\u0161ki h\u0101zeq ast<\/em>
\n“Dr. Ardeshiri is a skillful physician.”<\/h5>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-66a] .\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nin h\u0101 ket\u0101b h\u0101-yi mofid ast<\/em>
\n“These are (some) useful books.”<\/h5>\n
[tag resources Noun_1-68a] .\u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f[\/tag]
\n\u0101n h\u0101 mard\u0101ni bozorg budand<\/em>
\n“They were (some) great men.”<\/h5>\n

There is no definite article (\u201cthe\u201d) in Persian. In addition, the indefinite article (\u201ca\u201d) is not used with a generic noun (see example 2 below). Therefore a Persian noun is either absolute or non-specific. It is only within the syntax of a sentence that the noun is defined as being specific or non-specific:<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-74a].\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0645[\/tag]
\nmard r\u0101 didam<\/em>
\n“I saw the<\/em> man.”<\/h5>\n
[tag resources Noun_1-75a].\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0645[\/tag]
\nman d\u0101ne\u0161ju hastam<\/em>
\n“I am a<\/em> student.”<\/h5>\n

The demonstratives \u0627\u06cc\u0646 in<\/em> \u2018this\u2019 and \u0622\u0646 \u0101n<\/em> \u2018that\u2019 make a noun specific\/definite:<\/p>\n

[tag resources nounpred_01].\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0645[\/tag]
\nin mard r\u0101 didam<\/em>
\n“I saw that (particular) man.”<\/h5>\n
[tag resources nouns-g-02].\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\n\u0101n ket\u0101b xub ast<\/em>
\n“That book is good.”<\/h5>\n

In its absolute state, a noun is normally generic (which is usually pluralized in English) and singular<\/em>. Compare and contrast between Persian and English in the following examples:<\/p>\n

[tag resources Noun_1-81a] .\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nket\u0101b behtarin dust-e ens\u0101n ast<\/em>
\n“Books are man\u2019s best friends.”<\/h5>\n
[tag resources Noun_1-84a].\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nket\u0101b xub ast<\/em>
\n“Books are good (things).”<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A predicate is one of the two main constituents of a sentence or clause, modifying the subject and including the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb. When a noun is part of the predicate, and it is modified by an attributive adjective, it takes the indefinite enclitic \u06cc, whether it is singular or […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":29,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-30","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4439,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30\/revisions\/4439"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}