{"id":409,"date":"2008-11-10T16:58:41","date_gmt":"2008-11-10T21:58:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=409"},"modified":"2009-04-20T21:26:38","modified_gmt":"2009-04-21T03:26:38","slug":"superlative","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/adjectives\/superlative\/","title":{"rendered":"Superlative"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
(\u0635\u0641\u062a + \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 = \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 (\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
adjective + -tarin<\/em> = superlative adjective<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The superlative enclitic<\/strong> is[tag resources comparative_superlative_053] \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646.<\/strong> [\/tag] The superlative adjective <\/strong>must invariably be followed by a noun directly, and without taking any preposition. While the subject of the sentence is specific (such as a hyponym), the noun that the tarin<\/em>-phrase precedes normally is generic:<\/p>\n

[tag resources superlative_01] .\u06af\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\ngorbe ziraktarin heyv\u0101n ast<\/em>
\n“Cats are the smartest of animals.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources superlative_02] .\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\n\u0101b\u0101d\u0101n zib\u0101tarin \u0161ahr-e ir\u0101n ast<\/em>
\n“Abadan is the most beautiful city of Iran.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources superlative_03] .\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u06af\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\n\u0161ahrz\u0101d behtarin \u0161\u0101gerd-e in kel\u0101s ast<\/em>
\n“Sheherzade is the best student in this class.”<\/h5>\n

A very specific “partitive\u201d construction is formed by pluralizing the generic noun and connecting it to the preceding superlative adjective, using the ez\u0101fe<\/em> link:<\/p>\n

[tag resources superadj_01] .\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0650 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\n\u0101b\u0101d\u0101n zib\u0101 tarin-e \u0161ahr hy\u0101-e ir\u0101n ast<\/em>
\n“Abadan is the most beautiful city of Iran.”
\nLiterally, “Abadan is the most beautiful of the cities of Iran.”<\/h5>\n

A specific construction with the phrase[tag resources comparative_superlative_058] \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 [\/tag] bi\u0161 az pi\u0161<\/em> (literally \u2018more than before\u2019) equates the English adverbial ‘more than ever’ and adjectival ‘more\u2026than ever’:<\/p>\n

[tag resources superadj_02] .\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0651\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nin d\u0101ne\u0161 \u0101muz bi\u0161 az pi\u0161 taraqqi karde ast<\/em>
\n“This student has progressed more than ever.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources superadj_03] .\u0622\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\n\u0101n \u0161ahr bi\u0161 az pi\u0161 \u0101b\u0101d \u0161ode ast<\/em>
\n“That city has flourished more than ever.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources comparative_superlative_061] .\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\n\u0161irin bi\u0161 az pi\u0161 xo\u0161h\u0101l ast<\/em>
\n“Shirin is happier than ever.”<\/h5>\n

Since suffixes and postpositions cannot attach to the Silent \/h<\/em>\/, neither tar<\/em> nor tarin<\/em> may be attached to it, even in the writings of those who opt to attach these suffixes to other words:[tag resources superadj_04] \u0628\u0686\u0651\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 [\/tag] bacce tar<\/em>\u2018more childish\u2019 and[tag resources superadj_05] \u0628\u0686\u0651\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 [\/tag]bacce tarin<\/em> \u2018the most childish,\u2019 never \u0628\u0686\u0651\u0647\u062a\u0631, \u0628\u0686\u0651\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646; \u062e\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 xaste tar<\/em> \u2018more tired\u2019 and \u062e\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 xaste tarin<\/em> \u2018the most tired\u2019, never \u062e\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0631, \u062e\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646.<\/p>\n

Even if we opt to connect the comparative and superlative enclitics, we better write them separately if the adjective ends in a terminal \u0640\u062a \u2013t<\/em>: [tag resources comparative_superlative_064]\u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 [\/tag] \u2018harder,\u2019 not \u0633\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0631; \u062f\u0631\u0634\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u2018larger,\u2019 not \u062f\u0631\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n

The superlatives of[tag resources comparative_superlative_065] \u062e\u0648\u0628 [\/tag] and[tag resources comparative_superlative_067] \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \/[\/tag] [tag resources comparative_superlative_066] \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 [\/tag]are [tag resources comparative_superlative_068]\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 [\/tag] and[tag resources comparative_superlative_069] \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646. [\/tag] Occasionally in the colloquial<\/em> dialect one would hear[tag resources comparative_superlative_070] \u062e\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 [\/tag] and[tag resources comparative_superlative_071] \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646.[\/tag]<\/p>\n

While normally the preposition for the second term of comparison is[tag resources comparative_superlative_072] \u0627\u0632, [\/tag] a different construction is used with[tag resources comparative_superlative_073] \u062a\u0627 [\/tag] in vary specific situations, as follows:<\/p>\n

If we opt to place the second term of the comparison after the verb:<\/p>\n

[tag resources superadj_06] .\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0686\u0647\u0651 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627[\/tag]
\nin bacce bi\u0161tar \u03b3az\u0101 xord t\u0101 \u0161om\u0101<\/em>
\n“This child ate more than you (did).”<\/p>\n

[tag resources superadj_07] .\u0647\u0641\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631[\/tag]
\nhaft bi\u0161tar ast t\u0101 cah\u0101r<\/em>
\n“Seven is more than four.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources superadj_08] .\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f[\/tag]
\nbar\u0101-ye in k\u0101r k\u0101mr\u0101n behtar ast t\u0101 mohammad<\/em>
\n“Kamran is better for this job than Mohammad.”<\/h5>\n

When the second term of the comparison is the object of the sentence\u2014direct or indirect:<\/p>\n

[tag resources superadj_09] .\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648[\/tag]
\nb\u0101 u bi\u0161tar harf zadam t\u0101 b\u0101 to<\/em>
\n“I talked with him\/her more than I did with you.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources superadj_10] .\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u0627[\/tag]
\nk\u0101mbiz r\u0101 bi\u0161tar dust d\u0101\u0161t t\u0101 kuro\u0161 r\u0101<\/em>
\n“He\/she liked\/loved Kambiz more than Koorosh.”
\n“He\/she liked\/loved Kambiz more than he\/she loved Koorosh.”<\/h5>\n

When the quality in something is less than expected, then a lower quality material (as a noun) follows the comparative adjective and the expected quality follows the t\u0101<\/em>:<\/p>\n

[tag resources superadj_11].\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0628[\/tag]
\nin bi\u0161tar \u0101b ast t\u0101 \u0161ar\u0101b<\/em>
\n“This is more [like] water than wine.”
\n“This is more water than [it is] wine.”<\/p>\n

[tag resources superadj_12].\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0628[\/tag]
\nin bi\u0161tar q\u0101ter ast t\u0101 asb<\/em>
\n“This is more a mule than a horse.”<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(\u0635\u0641\u062a + \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 = \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 (\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc adjective + -tarin = superlative adjective The superlative enclitic is[tag resources comparative_superlative_053] \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646. [\/tag] The superlative adjective must invariably be followed by a noun directly, and without taking any preposition. While the subject of the sentence is specific (such as a hyponym), the noun that the tarin-phrase […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":329,"featured_media":0,"parent":45,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-409","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/409","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/329"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=409"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/409\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3575,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/409\/revisions\/3575"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}