{"id":61,"date":"2008-06-26T16:42:08","date_gmt":"2008-06-26T21:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=61"},"modified":"2009-05-07T09:21:09","modified_gmt":"2009-05-07T15:21:09","slug":"tanvin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/the-writing-system\/tanvin\/","title":{"rendered":"Tanvin"},"content":{"rendered":"

[tag resources Tanvin-1-09a]Tanvin<\/em>[\/tag] is an adverbial ending, which may be compared with the English adverbial suffix –ly<\/em> in such words as ‘seriously,’ ‘truly,’ ‘really,’ etc. Just like hamze<\/em>, tanvin<\/em> is also exclusive to the Arabic loanwords.<\/p>\n

In Arabic, tanvin<\/em> has two main functions: 1) Indefinite marker, as in [tag resources Tanvin-1-06a]\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064c[\/tag] (nominative<\/em>), [tag resources Tanvin-1-07a]\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b[\/tag] (accusative<\/em>), [tag resources Tanvin-1-07b]\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064d[\/tag] (genitive<\/em>) \u2018a book\u2019; 2) adverbial ending, as in [tag resources Tanvin-1-07c]\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b[\/tag] \u2018for instance, for example.\u2019 In all these cases the ending is pronounced \u2013an<\/em>, hence the word tanvin<\/em> \u2018n-ization\u2019\u2014i.e., making sound like an \u201cn.\u201d<\/em> In Persian, the usage of the tanvin<\/em> as the indefinite marker is not exercised; that is to say, in Persian tanvin<\/em> is exclusively an adverbial ending.<\/p>\n

In its original Arabic usage, tanvin<\/em> has different forms, such as \u0640\u0627\u064b , \u0640\u0627 , as in [tag resources Tanvin-1-12b]\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b[\/tag], [tag resources Tanvin-1-12c]\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627[\/tag] \u03b3\u0101liban<\/em> \u2018predominantly,\u2019 and \u0640\u0629 , as in [tag resources Tanvin-1-13a]\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u064b[\/tag] nisbatan<\/em> \u2018relatively\u2019 (variably transcribed as \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629), etc.<\/p>\n

In Persian tanvin<\/em> is orthographically normalized as \u0640\u0627\u064b ; although occasionally some members of the older generation of scholars transcribe the word \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 in its original Arabic form, and not as the Persian form [tag resources Tanvin-1-16b]\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b[\/tag]. Writing [tag resources Tanvin-1-16c]\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b[\/tag] as [tag resources Tanvin-1-17a]\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627[\/tag] is also common among them\u2014all forms are correct (although, because of the omition of the [ \u064b <\/span><\/sub> ], sometimes tanvin<\/em> is erroneously pronounced as a final [\u2013\u0101<\/em>] and not as [\u2013an<\/em>]; as in, [tag resources Tanvin-1-18b]\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b[\/tag] abadan<\/em> ~ [tag resources Tanvin-1-18c]\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627[\/tag] abad\u0101<\/em> \u2018not at all, under no circumstances,\u2019 [tag resources Tanvin-1-19a]aslan<\/em>[\/tag] ~ [tag resources Tanvin-1-19b]asl\u0101<\/em>[\/tag] \u2018in principle, essentially,\u2019 etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
firstly, first of all, etc.<\/td>\navvalan<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Tanvin-1-23a]\u0627\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
seriously<\/td>\njeddan<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Tanvin-1-24a]\u062c\u062f\u0651\u0627\u064b[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
truly, really, in reality<\/td>\nhaqiqatan<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Tanvin-1-25a]\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
speedily, hastily, quickly, fast, rapidly, promptly<\/td>\nsari’an<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Tanvin-1-26a]\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u064b[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
for example, for instance<\/td>\nmasalan<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Tanvin-1-27a]\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
actually, really, indeed<\/td>\nv\u0101qe’an<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources Tanvin-1-28a]\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Words may have a combination of [tag resources ps Madd-1-18d]\u0645\u062f\u0651[\/tag] ,[tag resources ps Madd-1-18c]\u062a\u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f[\/tag] ,[tag resources ps Madd-1-18b]\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0647[\/tag] ,[tag resources ps Madd-1-18a]\u062a\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646[\/tag] ; as in: [tag resources Madd-1-18e]\u0627\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b[\/tag], in which the \u0648 is mo\u0161addad<\/em> (\u2018having ta\u0161did<\/em>\u2019; i.e., \u2018geminated\u2019), and the terminal alef<\/em> has tanvin<\/em>; [tag resources Hamze-2-40a]\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631[\/tag], in which there is a combination of hamze<\/em> and ta\u0161did<\/em>, etc.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0647 and \u062a\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646 are exclusive to Arabic<\/em><\/strong> and they may not be used in words of Persian origin. Hence, the erroneous, rather illiterate and unsophisticated usage of such words as \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u2018secondly,\u2019 with the Persian number \u062f\u0648, is merely based on analogy with \u0627\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b\u2014a word of Arabic origin. In this case, either the Arabic adverbs [tag resources Hamze-2-45c]\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b[\/tag] ,[tag resources Hamze-2-45b]\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b[\/tag] ,[tag resources Hamze-2-45a]\u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u064b[\/tag], must be used or, otherwise, the Persian numbers must be used as follows: [tag resources Hamze-2-46a]\u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a[\/tag] naxost, noxost<\/em> \u2018first, firstly\u2019, [tag resources Hamze-3-01a]\u062f\u0648\u0645[\/tag] dovom<\/em> \u2018second, secondly\u2019, [tag resources Hamze-3-01b]\u0633\u0648\u0645[\/tag] sevom<\/em> \u2018third, thirdly,\u2019 [tag resources Hamze-3-01c]\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645[\/tag] cah\u0101rom<\/em> \u2018fourth, fourthly,\u2019 etc.<\/p>\n

Also, bear in mind that the \u0648 in Persian numbers \u062f\u0648\u0645 dovom<\/em> and \u0633\u0648\u0645 sevom<\/em> must not be geminated. Therefore, the common pronunciation of these words as [tag resources Hamze-3-04a]\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0645[\/tag] dovvom<\/em> and [tag resources Hamze-3-04b]\u0633\u0648\u0651\u0645[\/tag] sevvom<\/em> is only on analogy with the geminated \u0648 in the Arabic \u0627\u0648\u0651\u0644 awwal<\/em> \u2018first\u2019 and \u0627\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b awwalan<\/em> \u2018firstly\u2019 (Persian avval<\/em>, avvalan<\/em>) (that is to say, dovom<\/em> and sevom<\/em>, without a geminated [v<\/em>] are the correct pronunciations).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[tag resources Tanvin-1-09a]Tanvin[\/tag] is an adverbial ending, which may be compared with the English adverbial suffix –ly in such words as ‘seriously,’ ‘truly,’ ‘really,’ etc. Just like hamze, tanvin is also exclusive to the Arabic loanwords. In Arabic, tanvin has two main functions: 1) Indefinite marker, as in [tag resources Tanvin-1-06a]\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064c[\/tag] (nominative), [tag resources Tanvin-1-07a]\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b[\/tag] […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":53,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-61","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4251,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61\/revisions\/4251"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}