{"id":69,"date":"2008-06-27T17:07:28","date_gmt":"2008-06-27T22:07:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=69"},"modified":"2009-03-26T08:23:42","modified_gmt":"2009-03-26T14:23:42","slug":"5-ws-h","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/5-ws-h\/","title":{"rendered":"Interrogatives (5 W’s & H)"},"content":{"rendered":"

In Persian the five W\u2019s and H are three ch<\/em>\u2019s (\u0686) and three k<\/em>\u2019s (\u06a9), as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
who?<\/strong><\/td>\nki<\/em> (pronounced like \u201ckey\u201d)<\/td>\n[tag resources interrogatives_01]\u06a9\u06cc\u061f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
when?<\/strong><\/td>\nkey<\/em> (pronounced like \u201ckay\u201d)<\/td>\n[tag resources interrogatives_02]\u06a9\u0650\u06cc\u061f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
where?<\/strong><\/td>\nkoj\u0101<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources interrogatives_03]\u06a9\u062c\u0627\u061f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
what?<\/strong><\/td>\nce <\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources interrogatives_04]\u0686\u0647\u061f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
why?<\/strong><\/td>\ncer\u0101<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources interrogatives_05]\u0686\u0631\u0627\u061f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
how?<\/strong><\/td>\ncetowr<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources interrogatives_06]\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631\u061f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Except for \u0686\u0647, which has a colloquial variation as \u0686\u06cc, the rest of these adverbs are the same in colloquial Persian.<\/p>\n

\u0686\u0631\u0627 is from \u0686\u0647 plus \u0631\u0627, a post positioned direct object marker in New Persian (as in the accusative), while in Classical Persian it was an object marker for accusative as well as dative (that is, direct and indirect object).<\/p>\n

In \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 we are dealing with a hybrid morpheme combining the Persian adverb \u0686\u0647 \u2018what\u2019 and the Arabic loanword \u0637\u0648\u0631 towr<\/em> (Arab. tawr<\/em>) \u2018manner.\u2019 It literally means \u2018in what manner?\u2019; that is, \u2018how?\u2019.<\/p>\n

In colloquial Persian\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 also means \u2018how come?’:<\/p>\n

[tag resources interrogatives_07]\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u061f[\/tag]
\ncetowr h\u0101l\u0101 umadi?<\/em>(or, \u0101made-yi<\/em>)
\n“How come you\u2019ve come (showed up) now?”<\/h5>\n

In addition, there is a compound with \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 as \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f…:<\/p>\n

[tag resources interrogatives_08]\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u061f [\/tag]
\ncetowr \u0161od h\u0101l\u0101 umadi ?<\/em>(or, \u0101madi<\/em>)
\n“How come have you come (showed up) now?”<\/h5>\n

Another compound is \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0647 bar\u0101-ye ce<\/em> \u2018what for, how come, why.\u2019 If it follows the object of the sentence, it means that the speaker is looking for the function of the object of the sentence in their affair; if it precedes the object of the sentence, it means that the speaker expected the object of the sentence to be a different one or not be included at all. In this case the object takes the stress.<\/p>\n

Compare the following sentences:<\/p>\n

[tag resources interrogatives_09]\u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u061f[\/tag]
\nu r\u0101 bar\u0101-ye ce b\u0101 xod \u0101varde-yi<\/em>?
\n“Why have you brought him\/her with you?”<\/h5>\n

Here the reason for the object of the sentence being there is of importance.<\/p>\n

[tag resources interrogatives_10]\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u061f[\/tag]
\nbar\u0101-ye ce u r\u0101 b\u0101 xod \u0101varde-yi<\/em>?
\n“Why\/how come have you brought him\/her with you?”<\/h5>\n

Here the object of the sentence is of concern: \u201cWhy this one and not another?\u201d, or \u201cWhy did you have to bring him\/her along?\u201d, or \u201cDid you really have to bring him\/her along?”.<\/p>\n

However, in colloquial dialect, as long as the stress is on the object, any of these two notions may be expressed\/understood.<\/p>\n

Finally notice that the Persian question mark is a mirror image of the English mark; of course, this is because Persian is written from right to left.<\/p>\n

Simple Samples:<\/p>\n

[tag resources interrogatives_11]\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u061f[\/tag]
\n\u0161om\u0101 ki hastid?<\/em>
\n“Who are you?”<\/p>\n

[tag resources interrogatives_12]\u06a9\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u061f [\/tag]
\nkey \u0101madid?<\/em>
\n“When did you come?”<\/p>\n

[tag resources interrogatives_13]\u06a9\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u061f[\/tag]
\nkoj\u0101yid<\/em>?
\n“Where are you?”<\/p>\n

[tag resources interrogatives_14]\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a)\u061f[\/tag]
\nin ci ast (cist)?<\/em>
\n“What is this?”<\/p>\n

[tag resources interrogatives_15]\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u061f[\/tag]
\ncer\u0101 rafti?<\/em>
\n“Why did you go?”<\/p>\n

[tag resources interrogatives_16]\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u061f[\/tag]
\ncetowrid?<\/em>
\nPlural\/formal:<\/em> “How are you?”<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In Persian the five W\u2019s and H are three ch\u2019s (\u0686) and three k\u2019s (\u06a9), as follows: who? ki (pronounced like \u201ckey\u201d) [tag resources interrogatives_01]\u06a9\u06cc\u061f[\/tag] when? key (pronounced like \u201ckay\u201d) [tag resources interrogatives_02]\u06a9\u0650\u06cc\u061f[\/tag] where? koj\u0101 [tag resources interrogatives_03]\u06a9\u062c\u0627\u061f[\/tag] what? ce [tag resources interrogatives_04]\u0686\u0647\u061f[\/tag] why? cer\u0101 [tag resources interrogatives_05]\u0686\u0631\u0627\u061f[\/tag] how? cetowr [tag resources interrogatives_06]\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631\u061f[\/tag] Except for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-69","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/69","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/69\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3099,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/69\/revisions\/3099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}