{"id":76,"date":"2008-07-01T16:25:39","date_gmt":"2008-07-01T21:25:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=76"},"modified":"2009-04-16T14:22:40","modified_gmt":"2009-04-16T20:22:40","slug":"counting-words","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/numbers-1\/counting-words\/","title":{"rendered":"Counting Words"},"content":{"rendered":"

There are numerous counting words<\/strong> in Persian, such as \u062c\u0644\u062f jeld<\/em> \u2018volume\u2019 (for books, etc.), \u0631\u0623\u0633 ra\u2019s<\/em> \u2018head\u2019 (for animals), \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 dastg\u0101h<\/em> \u2018apparatus; machine\u2019 (for machines of any sort, in addition to buildings), and many more.<\/p>\n

In colloquial Persian, however, there is the generic counting word \u062a\u0627 (originally means \u2018one of a pair\u2019), which can replace any of the other counting words. However, while all counting words are used with all numbers, including yek<\/em> \u2018one\u2019, \u062a\u0627 is never used with yek<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
a man<\/td>\nyek mard <\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources countingwords_01]\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
two men<\/td>\nd\u00f3 mard (formal)<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources countingwords_02]\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nd\u00f3 t\u0101 mard (colloquial) <\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources countingwords_03]\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
three men<\/td>\n s\u00e9 mard (formal) <\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources countingwords_04]\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\ns\u00e9 t\u0101 mard (colloquial) <\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources countingwords_05]\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062f[\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nA counting word as \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 d\u0101ne<\/em> \u2018grain\u2019 is used formally only with small particles, such as grains of legumes, etc.; but in colloquial dialect it is used interchangeably with \u062a\u0627 as a generic counting word, especially with a single item. As such, unlike \u062a\u0627, \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 (colloquial \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647) is used with \u06cc\u06a9 (colloquial \u06cc\u0647) as well:<\/p>\n
[tag resources countingwords_06]\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0628[\/tag]
\nye dune sib (colloquial) <\/em>
\n\u2018an apple\u2019<\/p>\n

[tag resources counting_01]\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062f[\/tag]
\nye dune gusfand<\/em>
\n\u2018a sheep\u2019<\/h5>\n

Usually with more than one item these two generic counting words are combined in the colloquial dialect:<\/p>\n

[tag resources countingwords_08]\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0628[\/tag]
\ndo t\u0101 dune sib<\/em>
\n\u2018two apples\u2019 (literally, \u201ctwo single units of apple\u201d).<\/h5>\n

Numbers are invariably followed by a singular noun: \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 yek ket\u0101b<\/strong><\/em> \u2018a\/one book,\u2019 \u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 dah ket\u0101b<\/strong><\/em> \u2018ten books,\u2019 etc. In other words, the noun \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 is invariably in singular.<\/p>\n

Some of the counting words in Persian are as follows:<\/table>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Counting Word<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\nExample<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[tag resources countingwords_09]\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0647[\/tag]
\ntaxte<\/em>
\nboard
\n(for carpets, rugs, etc.)<\/td>\n		[tag resources counting_02]\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0634[\/tag]
\nyek taxte far\u0161<\/em>
\na (single count of) carpet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[tag resources countingwords_11]\u062c\u0644\u062f[\/tag]
\njeld<\/em>
\nvolume, a bound item
\n(for books, etc.)<\/td>\n		[tag resources countingwords_12]\u0633\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628[\/tag]
\ns\u00e9 jeld ket\u0101b<\/em>
\nthree volumes of books<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[tag resources countingwords_13]\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647[\/tag]
\nd\u0101ne<\/em>
\ngrain
\n(for small items, especially a single one)<\/td>\n		[tag resources countingwords_14]\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062c[\/tag]
\nyek d\u0101ne berenj<\/em>
\na single grain of rice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[tag resources countingwords_15]\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647[\/tag]
\ndastg\u0101h<\/em>
\napparatus
\n(for machines of any sort and buildings)<\/td>\n		[tag resources countingwords_16]\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u06cc\u0644[\/tag]
\nd\u00f3 dastg\u0101h otomobil<\/em>
\ntwo cars<\/p>\n

[tag resources countingwords_17]\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646[\/tag]
\ns\u00e9 dastg\u0101h \u0101p\u0101rtem\u0101n<\/em>
\nthree apartments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

[tag resources countingwords_18]\u0631\u0623\u0633[\/tag]
\nras<\/em>
\nhead
\n(for almost all stock animals)<\/td>\n		[tag resources countingwords_19]\u067e\u0646\u062c \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u06af\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062f[\/tag]
\npanj ras gusfand<\/em>
\nfive (heads of) sheep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[tag resources countingwords_20]\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f[\/tag]
\nfarvand<\/em>
\n(for ships, airplanes and spaceships)<\/td>\n		[tag resources countingwords_21]\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627[\/tag]
\nyek farvand hav\u0101peym\u0101<\/em>
\nan airplane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[tag resources countingwords_22]\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628[\/tag]
\nq\u0101leb<\/em>
\nbar, mold
\n(for soap, butter, cheese, etc.)<\/td>\n		[tag resources countingwords_23]\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646[\/tag]
\nd\u00f3 q\u0101leb-e s\u0101bun<\/em>
\ntwo bars of soap<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[tag resources countingwords_24]\u0646\u0641\u0631[\/tag]
\nnafar<\/em>
\nperson, individual
\n(for people and camels)<\/td>\n		[tag resources countingwords_25]\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc[\/tag]
\ncah\u0101r nafar it\u0101liy\u0101yi<\/em>
\nfour Italians<\/p>\n

[tag resources countingwords_26]\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f[\/tag]
\nd\u00f3 nafar mi \u0101yand<\/em>
\ntwo individuals come, are coming, will come<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

There are numerous counting words in Persian, such as \u062c\u0644\u062f jeld \u2018volume\u2019 (for books, etc.), \u0631\u0623\u0633 ra\u2019s \u2018head\u2019 (for animals), \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 dastg\u0101h \u2018apparatus; machine\u2019 (for machines of any sort, in addition to buildings), and many more. In colloquial Persian, however, there is the generic counting word \u062a\u0627 (originally means \u2018one of a pair\u2019), which can […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":65,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-76","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/76","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76"}],"version-history":[{"count":55,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/76\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3564,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/76\/revisions\/3564"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/65"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}