{"id":91,"date":"2008-07-03T11:04:54","date_gmt":"2008-07-03T16:04:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=91"},"modified":"2009-04-30T16:27:51","modified_gmt":"2009-04-30T22:27:51","slug":"present-perfect-continuous","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/verbs\/present-perfect-continuous\/","title":{"rendered":"Present Perfect Continuous"},"content":{"rendered":"

The present perfect continuous <\/strong>is constructed by prefixing \u0645\u06cc particle to the present perfect (note that the construction of the past perfect continuous<\/strong> is dependent upon the past participle)<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
I have been saying.<\/td>\nmi gofte-am<\/em><\/td>\n[tag resources presentperfectcont_01]\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0645 [\/tag] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
You have been saying. singular<\/em><\/td>\nmi gofte-yi<\/em><\/td>\n\n[tag resources presentperfectcont_02]\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc [\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
He\/she has been saying.<\/td>\nmi gofte ast <\/em><\/td>\n\n[tag resources presentperfectcont_03]\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a [\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n
We have been saying.<\/td>\nmi gofte-yim <\/em><\/td>\n\n[tag resources presentperfectcont_04]\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 [\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
You have been saying. plural<\/em><\/td>\nmi gofte-yid<\/em><\/td>\n\n[tag resources presentperfectcont_05]\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f [\/tag]<\/td>\n
They have been saying.<\/td>\nmi gofte-and <\/em><\/td>\n\n[tag resources presentperfectcont_06]\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f [\/tag]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

This tense is used in reference to an action or state which was continuous or habitual in the past, while the narrator never witnessed it personally. For instance, such a sentences as, \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 m\u0101 iraniha dar goza\u0161te in k\u0101rde-im<\/em> \u2018We Persians used to do this in the old days,\u2019 indicates that the narrator did not exist in those (ancient) days, when Persians \u201cused to do this.\u201d He uses the first plural pronoun only to indicate that he too is Persian\u2014nothing more.<\/p>\n

Pay attention to, and analyze, the following sentence:<\/p>\n

[tag resources presentperfectcont_07]\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]
\nin mard leb\u0101shay-e kohne r\u0101 mixaride ast va be tangdastan midade ast<\/em>
\n\u201cThis man used to buy used clothes and give them to the needy.\u201d<\/h5>\n

In this sentence the fact that the narrator was not personally present to witness the event is expressed through this particular construction of the sentence.<\/p>\n

In addition, a sentence like this is usually preceded by such declarations as: \u201cI have been told,\u201d \u201cthey say,\u201d \u201capparently,\u201d \u201cit has been said to me,\u201d \u201cthere are those who can testify,\u201d or \u201crumor has it.\u201d A clause like this may or may not be linked to the sentence by means of the \u06a9\u0647 conjunction:<\/p>\n

[tag resources presentperfectcont_08]\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\/\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f[\/tag]<\/p>\n

miguyand in mardoman az \u0161om\u0101l mi\u0101made-and va k\u0101l\u0101hay-e m\u0101 r\u0101 mixaride-and<\/em>
\nmiguyand ke in mardoman az \u0161om\u0101l mi\u0101made-and va k\u0101l\u0101hay-e m\u0101 r\u0101 mixaride-and<\/em>
\n\u201cThey say that these people used to come from the North and buy our merchandise.\u201d<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The present perfect continuous is constructed by prefixing \u0645\u06cc particle to the present perfect (note that the construction of the past perfect continuous is dependent upon the past participle): I have been saying. mi gofte-am [tag resources presentperfectcont_01]\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0645 [\/tag] You have been saying. singular mi gofte-yi [tag resources presentperfectcont_02]\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc [\/tag] He\/she […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"menu_order":9,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-91","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/91","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/91\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3829,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/91\/revisions\/3829"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}