{"id":95,"date":"2008-07-03T11:29:08","date_gmt":"2008-07-03T16:29:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/?page_id=95"},"modified":"2009-10-29T17:39:43","modified_gmt":"2009-10-29T23:39:43","slug":"stationary-verbs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/verbs\/stationary-verbs\/","title":{"rendered":"Stationary Verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>There is a class of <strong>verbs<\/strong> in Persian which are <strong>stationary<\/strong>.  That is to say, they govern an \u201caction\u201d in which there is no movement:<\/p>\n<h5>[tag resources stationaryverbs_01]\u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0646[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>ne\u0161astan<\/em><br \/>\n\u2018to sit\u2019<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_02]\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0646[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>x\u0101bidan<\/em><br \/>\n\u2018to sleep, go to bed\u2019<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_03]\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0646[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>ist\u0101dan<\/em><br \/>\n\u2018to stand\u2019<\/h5>\n<p>The construction of the present progressive of these <strong>stationary verbs<\/strong> is derived from the participle.  With the \u0645\u06cc prefix all of these verbs govern an action which is either in the process of taking place before becoming stationary, or is going to take place (as in the future tense). Compare the following sentences; also compare and contrast them with their English counterparts:<\/p>\n<h5>[tag resources stationaryverbs_04]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man inj\u0101 mi ne\u0161inam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am going to sit here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_05]\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man d\u0101ram inj\u0101 mi ne\u0161inam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am (in the process of) sitting (down) here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_06]\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>u inj\u0101 ne\u0161aste ast<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cHe\/she is sitting here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_07]\u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>u ne\u0161aste ast t\u0101 man berasam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cHe\/she is sitting [there] (waiting for) me to arrive.\u201d (literally, \u201cuntil I arrive\u201d)<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_08]\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u061f[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>inj\u0101 mi ne\u0161ini t\u0101 \u0101n h\u0101 biy\u0101yand?<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cAre you going to sit here until they show up?\u201d (literally, \u201ccome\u201d)<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_09]\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u06a9\u0647) \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man do s\u0101\u2019at ast (ke) inj\u0101 ne\u0161aste am<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI have been sitting here for two hours.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_10]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man inj\u0101 mi x\u0101bam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am going to sleep\/lie down here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_11]\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man d\u0101ram inj\u0101 mi x\u0101bam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am (in the process of) sleeping (as in going to bed) here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_12]\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man d\u0101ram mi x\u0101bam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am going to bed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_13]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man inj\u0101 x\u0101bide am<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am sleeping\/lying down here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_14]\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man inj\u0101 x\u0101bide am<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am sleeping\/asleep.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_15]\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man t\u0101 sobh haminj\u0101 mi x\u0101bam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am going to sleep here until morning.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_16]\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man se ruz ast inj\u0101 x\u0101bide am<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI have been sleeping here for three days.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_17]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man inj\u0101 mi istam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am going to stand here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_18]\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man d\u0101ram inj\u0101 mi istam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am standing up.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_19]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man inj\u0101 ist\u0101de am<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am standing here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_20]\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man t\u0101 sobh haminj\u0101 mi istam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am going to stand here until morning.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_21]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man az sobh inj\u0101 ist\u0101de am<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI have been standing here since this morning.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_22]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man inj\u0101 mi oftam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am going to fall\/crash here.\u201d<br \/>\n(note semantic parallel between the word \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0646 as \u2018to crash\u2019, both as slang in Persian and English)<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_23]\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man d\u0101ram inj\u0101 mi oftam<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am (in the process of) falling\/crashing here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_24]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man inj\u0101 oft\u0101de am<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am lying down here.\u201d (as in not moving)<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_25]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man az sobh inj\u0101 oft\u0101de am<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI have been lying here since this morning, I have been lying down here since this morning.\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>In the construction of the past progressive of these verbs, the present copulas are simply replaced with the past copulas:<\/p>\n<h5>[tag resources stationaryverbs_26]\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man inj\u0101 ne\u0161aste am<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI am sitting here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[tag resources stationaryverbs_27]\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0645[\/tag]<br \/>\n<em>man inj\u0101 ne\u0161aste am<\/em><br \/>\n\u201cI was sitting there.\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>Note that \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0645 <em>man \u0101nj\u0101 mi ne\u0161astam<\/em> means \u201cI used to sit there.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There is a class of verbs in Persian which are stationary. That is to say, they govern an \u201caction\u201d in which there is no movement: [tag resources stationaryverbs_01]\u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0646[\/tag] ne\u0161astan \u2018to sit\u2019 [tag resources stationaryverbs_02]\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0646[\/tag] x\u0101bidan \u2018to sleep, go to bed\u2019 [tag resources stationaryverbs_03]\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0646[\/tag] ist\u0101dan \u2018to stand\u2019 The construction of the present progressive of these stationary [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-95","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/95","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/95\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4482,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/95\/revisions\/4482"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/persian_online_resources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}