{"id":88,"date":"2009-08-03T13:21:40","date_gmt":"2009-08-03T18:21:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/?p=88"},"modified":"2009-11-25T16:02:34","modified_gmt":"2009-11-25T21:02:34","slug":"frame-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/frame-18\/88","title":{"rendered":"Frame 18"},"content":{"rendered":"

As the time passed socio-cultural changes affected languages. Tamil is not exceptional to this.\u00a0 The language development occurred along with the changes from time to time.\u00a0 The industrialization and science and technology development influenced the language use and language under went lot of changes.\u00a0 Due to this, borrowing into Tamil was inevitable at all levels namely phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic levels.\u00a0 Though Sanskrit influence through borrowings was found in Tamil from early times, in the modern times the above said reasons attributed to this borrowing and made the language users to adopt borrowings. Words used in the religious spheres and personal and place names necessitated the Tamils to adopt the sounds as such and used special characters for them known as Grantha characters.\u00a0 Six such letters are used in modern Tamil widely for the sounds s, j, sh, h, ksh, and sri. They are mainly used for writing proper names, place names and scientific terms to retain original pronunciation. They take vowel symbols(secondary symbols) in the same way as pure Tamil consonants of similar form except the vowels, \"1\"and \"2\". Only one secondary symbol is used for each. The secondary symbols for\u00a0 \"1\"and \"2\" vowels for the Grantha letters (s, j, sh, h, ksh) are \"3\"and \"4\"respectively (see Exercise-item 8 in F-18, Chart-1, and see Appendix I & II for hand movements, and a Table at the end if this Frame). The last one, sri is treated as a word. This is used as a respect form before male names like Mister (Mr.) in English. Also sri is found as part of names. \u00a0 ksh is combination of k and sh.<\/p>\n

\"5\"<\/p>\n

\"6\"(s) in its production the blade of the tongue is positioned very closely to the alveolar ridge.\u00a0 The air squeezes out with friction through a narrow passage between the alveolar ridge and the tip of the tongue.\u00a0 The vocal cords do not vibrate.\u00a0 The soft palate is raised.\u00a0 This sound may be described as a voiceless alveolar fricative.\u00a0 It occurs initially and medially.\u00a0 Medially it occurs as a single consonant (pure consonant with a dot- \"6\") between two vowels and as the second member of a consonant cluster.<\/p>\n

Observe the hand movements and copy three times (see Appendix I for hand-movements).<\/p>\n

\"7\"<\/p>\n

\"8\"(j).\u00a0 The movements of the speech organs are the same as those for (c) except for the vibration in the vocal cords during its production.\u00a0 This is described as a voiced palatal.
\nThis sound occurs in the word initial positions, medially as a pure consonant between vowels, as the second member of a consonant cluster and an identical consonant cluster.<\/p>\n

Observe the hand movements and copy three times (see Appendix I for hand-movements).<\/p>\n

\"9\"<\/p>\n

\"10\"(sh).\u00a0 This sound is produced when the tip of the tongue is curved slightly towards the hard palate.\u00a0 But this curving does make a complete closure.\u00a0 The air stream passes through the narrow passage between the hard palate and the tip of the tongue.\u00a0 The vocal cords do not vibrate.\u00a0 The soft palate is raised.\u00a0 This sound is voiceless retroflex fricative.\u00a0 It occurs medially as a pure consonant between vowels and as the first member of a consonant cluster.<\/p>\n

Observe the hand movements and copy three times (see Appendix I for hand-movements).<\/p>\n

\"11\"<\/p>\n

\"12\"(h).\u00a0 In its production the mouth is kept as in the production of vowels.\u00a0 The air stream passes through the wide open glottis with week friction.\u00a0 The soft palate is raised.\u00a0 This is a glottal fricative. This occurs word initial and medial positions.<\/p>\n

Observe the hand movements and copy three times (see Appendix I for hand-movements).<\/p>\n

\"13\"<\/p>\n

\"14\"(ksh) is combination of\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (k) and\u00a0\u00a0 (sh).\u00a0 The production processes of these sounds are discussed in Frame 3 and 18.
\nObserve the hand movements and copy three times (see Appendix I for hand-movements).<\/p>\n

\"15\"<\/p>\n

Observe the hand movements and copy three times (see Appendix I for hand-movements).<\/p>\n

\"16\"<\/p>\n

Read the following words.<\/p>\n

\"17\"<\/p>\n

\"18\"<\/p>\n

Download Frame 18 Exercise (PDF)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As the time passed socio-cultural changes affected languages. Tamil is not exceptional to this.\u00a0 The language development occurred along with the changes from time to time.\u00a0 The industrialization and science and technology development influenced the language use and language under went lot of changes.\u00a0 Due to this, borrowing into Tamil was inevitable at all levels […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5236,490],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3-moduals","category-module-18"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":662,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88\/revisions\/662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.la.utexas.edu\/tamilscript\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}