Although occasionally this particle is orthographically attached to the adjective, it is better to write it separately.
Whether the second term of comparison is a noun, pronoun, or numeral, singular or plural, it takes the preposition [tag resources comparative_superlative_006]از[/tag] az ‘from, of, than.’ The az-phrase variably precedes or follows the adjective immediately:
[tag resources comparative_superlative_007] .این مداد از آن مداد سیاه‌تر است[/tag]
in medād az ān medād siyāhtar ast
“This pencil is more black than that pencil.”
[tag resources comparative_superlative_008] .این مداد سیاه‌تر از آن مداد است[/tag]
[tag resources comparative_superlative_009] .ژوبین از آرش بلندتر است[/tag]
žubin az āraš bolandtar ast
“Jubin is taller than Arash.”
[tag resources comparative_superlative_010] .ژوبین بلندتر از آرش است[/tag]
[tag resources compadj_01].این خانه از آن یکی زیباتر است[/tag]
in xāne az ān yeki zibātar ast
“This house is more beautiful than the other one.”
[tag resources compadj_02].این خانه زیباتر از آن یکی است [/tag]
A variable comparative form for [tag resources comparative_superlative_013] زیاد [/tag] ziyād ‘much,’ instead of [tag resources comparative_superlative_014] زیادتر [/tag] ‘more,’ is [tag resources comparative_superlative_015] بیشتر, [/tag] which is used more profusely than [tag resources comparative_superlative_016] زیادتر [/tag]:
[tag resources compadj_03] .هفت از چهار بیشتر است[/tag]
haft az cahār bištar ast
“Seven is more than four.”
[tag resources compadj_04] .هفت بیشتر از چهار است[/tag]
A comparative adjective which is used more often for [tag resources comparative_superlative_019] خوب [/tag]xub ‘good’ is [tag resources comparative_superlative_020] بهتر [/tag] beh tar, from a different adjective, namely,[tag resources comparative_superlative_021] به [/tag]beh, which is now obsolete as an adjective. The expected form [tag resources comparative_superlative_022] خوب‌تر [/tag] is hardly ever used.
Due to the frequency of usage, these two particular comparative adjectives are almost always written attached; that is, [tag resources comparative_superlative_023] بیشتر [/tag] and[tag resources comparative_superlative_024] بهتر, [/tag] instead of[tag resources comparative_superlative_025] بیشتر [/tag] and [tag resources comparative_superlative_026] بهتر.[/tag]
The most common intensifying adverb (that is, English “much”) is[tag resources comparative_superlative_027] خیلی [/tag] xeyli, which may precede the az-phrase, or the comparative adjective:
[tag resources compadj_05] .یلدا خیلی از سوسن قشنگ‌تر است[/tag]
yaldā xeyli az susan qašangtar ast
“Yalda is much prettier than Susan.”
[tag resources compadj_06] .یلدا از سوسن خیلی قشنگ‌تر است[/tag]
And, since the az-phrase can variably precede or follow the comparative adjective:
[tag resources compadj_07] .یلدا خیلی قشنگ‌تر از سوسن است[/tag]
In addition to[tag resources comparative_superlative_031] خیلی, [/tag] there are more formal words, which are used in writings, or spoken by more educated people. Some of these adverbs and adverbial phrases may be compared with (and translated as) “much” and “much, much more…” in English. Some of these adverbs and adverbial phrases are as follows (all of the above variations apply):
بسیار besiyār ‘a whole lot’:
[tag resources compadj_08].یلدا از سوسن بسیار قشنگ‌تر است[/tag]
yaldā az susan besiyār qašangtar ast
“Yalda is much prettier than Susan.”
be marāteb ‘in succession’:
[tag resources compadj_09] به مراتب ← یلدا از سوسن به مراتب قشنگ‌تر است[/tag]
yaldā az susan be marāteb qašang tar ast
“Yalda is much prettier than Susan.”
bi andāze ‘immeasurably’:
[tag resources compadj_10]بی اندازه ← یلدا از سوسن بی اندازه قشنگ‌تر است[/tag]
yaldā az susan bi andāze qašangtar ast
“Yalda is much, much prettier than Susan.”
biš az hadd ‘more than (i.e., beyond) any limits’:
[tag resources compadj_11]بیش از حدّ ← یلدا از سوسن بیش از حدّ قشنگ‌تر است[/tag]
yaldā az susan biš az hadd qašangtar ast
“Yalda is tremendously prettier than Susan.”
[tag resources comparative_superlative_039] [/tag]biš az andāze ‘beyond any measures’:
[tag resources compadj_12]بیش از اندازه ← یلدا از سوسن بیش از اندازه قشنگ‌تر است [/tag]
yaldā az susan biš az andāze qašangtar ast
“Yalda is much, much prettier than Susan.”
[tag resources compadj_13] بیشتر از آن که فکر کنی [/tag]
biš tar az ān ke fekr koni
‘more than you can imagine (literally, “think”)’:
[tag resources compadj_14].یلدا از سوسن بیشتر از آن که فکر کنی قشنگ‌تر است[/tag]
yaldā az susan biš tar az ān ke fekr koni qašangtar ast
“Yalda is prettier than Susan, more than you can imagine/think.”
A form of comparative adjective as[tag resources comparative_superlative_043] از همه [/tag] az hame ‘of all’ plus –tar is used in Persian, which may be compared with English ‘-set…of all’ or ‘-er than all of them.’ In this case, hame is a “generic” replacement for the true second term of the comparison; as an az-phrase, it may precede or follow the comparative adjective:
[tag resources compadj_15] .این کتاب از همه جالب‌تر است[/tag]
in ketāb az hame jālebtar ast
“This book is the most interesting of all.”
“This book is more interesting than (all) the rest.”
[tag resources compadj_16].ژوبین از همه بلندتر است[/tag]
žubin az hame bolandtar ast
[tag resources compadj_17].ژوبین بلندتر از همه است[/tag]
žubin bolandtar az hame ast
“Jubin is the tallest of all.”
“Jubin is taller than the rest/every body.”
If in addition to[tag resources comparative_superlative_048] همه از [/tag] a true second term of comparison is also included in the sentence, it would follow the[tag resources comparative_superlative_049] از همه [/tag] segment and is linked to it through an ezāfe construction. Because of the terminal /h/ in[tag resources comparative_superlative_050] همه, [/tag] an euphonic [-ye] intervenes; for instance:
[tag resources compadj_18].چلوکباب از همهٔ غذاها خوشمزّه‌تر است [/tag]
celow-kabāb az hame-ye γazā hā xošmazzetar ast
[tag resources compadj_19].چلوکباب خوشمزّه‌تر از همهٔ غذاها است[/tag]
celow-kabāb xošmazzetar az hame-ye γazā hā ast
“Chelo-kabaab is the most delicious of all foods.”
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