Aga Khan Trust for Culture

The Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) focuses on the physical, social, cultural and economic revitalisation of communities in the Muslim world. It includes the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, the Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme, the Music Initiative in Central Asia, the on-line resource ArchNet and the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

• Aga Khan Award for Architecture
  The Aga Khan Award for Architecture, established in 1977, is given every three years to projects that set new standards of excellence in architecture, urban or regional design, conservation and landscape architecture.
• Aga Khan Music Initiative in Central Asia
  The Performance and Outreach Programme presents Central Asian musical traditions to audiences worldwide, helping to build relationships between musicians from Central Asia and a global network of music-presenting institutions.
• Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme
  The Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme (HCP) promotes the conservation and re-use of buildings and public spaces in historic cities in the Muslim World. HCP undertakes the restoration and rehabilitation of historic structures and public spaces in ways that can spur social, economic and cultural development.

Case Studies

Egypt

All Nasr, S.V.R. “European Colonialism and the Emergence of Modern Muslim States” of Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001: 549-599.

Muslim Brotherhood

• Lapidus, Ira. “Egypt: Secularism and Islamic Modernity” of A History of Islamic Societies 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002: 512-534
• Baker, Raymond. “Egypt” of Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World, Vol. 1. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001:428-436.
• Akhavi, Shahrough. “Qutb, Sayyid,” of Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World, Vol. 3. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001: 400-404.
• Qutb, Sayyid. “Islam as the Foundation of Knowledge” of Contemporary Debates in Islam. Edited by Mansoor Moaddel and Kamran Talattof. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000: 197-206.  Download Islam as the Foundation of Knowledge (PDF)
• Egypt: Muslim Brotherhood 5. Qutb, Sayyid. “War, Peace, and Islamic Jihad” of Contemporary Debates in Islam. Edited by Mansoor Moaddel and Kamran Talattof. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000: 223-246.
• Sayyid Qutb: “Islam as the Foundation of Knowledge” 197-206; and “War, Peace, and Islamic Jihad” 223-246
• Haddad, Yvonne Y. ‘Sayyid Qutb. “Ideologue of Islamic Revival” of Voices of Resurgent Islam. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 1983: 67-98. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000: 197-206.  Download “Ideologue of Islamic Revival (PDF)
• Nazih Ayubi, “Muslim Brotherhood: An Overview” of The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World Volume 3. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001: 183-187.
• Sullivan, Dennis. “The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt” of The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World Volume 3. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001: 187-191.

Egypt: Case study (PowerPoint presentation)

Iran

• Nasr, S.V.R. “European Colonialism and the Emergence of Modern Muslim States” of Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001: 549-599
• Fischer, Michael. Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1980: xxvi-xxxiv; 181-196, 213-231.
• Bazargan, Mehdi. “Religion and Liberty” of Liberal Islam. Edited by Charles Kurzman. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988: 73-84.  Download Barzargan, Mehdi: “Religion and Liberty” in Kurzman, ed., Liberal Islam, 73-84.
• Beeman, William O. “The Iranian Revolution of 1979” of The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World Volume 2. 232-236.
• Khomeini, Ruhullah. “The Pillars of an Islamic State”, “The Necessity of Islamic Government”; & “Granting Capitulatory Rights to the U.S” of Contemporary Debates in Islam. Edited by Moaddel and Talattof. New York: St. Martinís Press, 2000: 247-250; 251-262; 333-340. Download Imam Ruhullah Khomeini: “The Pillars of an Islamic State” in Moaddel, ed., Contemporary Debates in Islam, 247-262.
• Fischer, Michael. “Imam Khomeini: Four Levels of Understanding” of Voices of Resurgent Islam, Edited by John Esposito. 150- 174.
• al-i-Ahmad, Jalal. “Westoxication” of Contemporary Debates in Islam. Edited by Mansoor Moaddel and Kamran Talattof. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000: 343-357.
• Sachedina, Abdulaziz. “Ali Shariati: Ideologue of The Iranian Revolution,” of Voices of Resurgent Islam. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 1983: 191-214.
• Lapidus, Ira. “Iran: State and Religion in the Modern Era” in A History of Islamic Societies 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002: 469-488.  Download Lapidus: “Iran: State and Religion in the Modern Era” in A History of Islamic Societies, 469-488.

20th-century Iran (PPT)

1979 Revolution (PPT)

American cinema vs. German cinema (PPT)

Pakistan

• Nasr, S.V.R. “European Colonialism and the Emergence of Modern Muslim States” of Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001: 549-599
• Ahmad, Mumtaz. “Pakistan” of Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World, Vol. 3. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001:286-297.
• Esposito, John. “Muhammad Iqbal and the Islamic State,” of Voices of Resurgent Islam. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 1983: 175-190.
• Ahmad, Aziz. “The Genesis of Pakistan” of Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan. London: Oxford University Press, 1967: 156-174.
• Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. “The Theory of Two Nations in the Subcontinent” of Muslim Statement in India and Pakistan, 1857-1968. Edited by A. Ahmad and G. Grunebaum. 153-155.
• Mawdudi, Abu’I A’la. “The Necessity for Divine Government for the Elimination of Oppression and Injustice,” of Muslim Self-Statement in India and Pakistan. Edited by A. Ahmad and G. Grunebaum. 156-157 & 158-166.
• Adams, Charles J. “Mawdudi and the Islamic State” of Voices of Resurgent Islam. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 1983: 99-133. Download Adams, Charles J. “Mawdudi and the Islamic State” of Voices of Resurgent Islam: 99-133.
• Nasr, Vali. “Jamaíat-I Islami” of Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World, Vol. 2. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001: 356-360.
• Haq, Farhat. “Women, Islam and the State in Pakistan,” The Muslim World, vol. LXXXVI, no. 2. 1996: 158-175.

Bibliography of Pakistan (DOC)

Timeline of Pakistan (DOC)

Pakistan: War, Peace, and the Struggle for Power (PPT)

The Story of Islam’s Rise in South Asia (PPT)

Saudi Arabia

• Nasr, S.V.R. “European Colonialism and the Emergence of Modern Muslim States” of Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001: 549-599
• Lapidus, Ira. “Saudi Arabia” of A History of Islamic Societies 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002: 572-575.
• Algar, Hamid. Wahhabism: A Critical Essay. Oneonia, New York: IPI, 37-70.
• Wright, Lawrence. “The Kingdom of Silence,” New Yorker, January 5, 2004, 48-73
• Duomato, Eleanor. “Saudi Arabia” of Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World, Vol. 4. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001: 4-8.
• Esack, Farid. On Being a Muslim: Finding a Religious Path in the World Today. One World Publisher, 1999: 12-17.
• 6. Bin Baz, Abdulaziz. Indispensable Implication of Sunnah and Caution against Innovation. 2003. June 16, 2004.
• Sardar, Ziauddin. “Mecca” Granta: What We Think of America, (77), 224-254.
• Abou El Fadl, Khaled, “Corrupting Godís Book,” of Conference of the Books: The Search for Beauty in Islam. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2005: 289-301.

Saudi Arabia: Land of Contrasts & Contradictions (PPT)

Turkey

• Islam Outside the Arab World, pp. 127-148 (PDF)
• Economist article on “honor killings” (19 Feb 2004) (PDF)
• Economist article on religious schools in Turkey (20 May 2004) (PDF)
• Excerpt from The Venture of Islam, by Marshall G.S. Hodgson (PDF)
• Excerpt from Ira Lapidus, The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the Modernization of Turkey, pp. 489-511 (PDF)

United States

• Nasr, S.V.R. “European Colonialism and the Emergence of Modern Muslim States” of Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Edited by John Esposito. Oxford University Press, 2001: 549-599
• Mamiya, Fred & L. “Islam in the Americas,” of A. Nanji, of The Muslim Almanac. Edited by Azem Nanji. Thomson Gale, 1995: 141-157.
• Voll, John. “Islamic Issues for Muslims in the United States” of The Muslims of America. Edited by Yonne Y. Haddad. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993: 205-216. Download John Voll, “Islamic Issues for Muslims in the US,” The Muslims of America, ed.Y. Haddad, 205-216.
• Nygang, Sulayman. “Convergence and Divergence in an Emergent Community” of The Muslims of America Edited by Y. Haddad. 236-249. Download Sulayman Nyang, “Convergence and Divergence in an Emergent Community,” The Muslims of America, ed. Y. Haddad, 236-249.
• Liu, Marian. “Hip-Hop’s Islamic Influence.” The Mercury News 16 Jun 2003 . Download Liu, Marian. Hip-Hop’s Islamic Influence. 2003. June 16 2004.
• Swedenburg, Ted. “Islamic Hip-Hop versus Islamophobia.” Global Noise-Rap and Hip-Hop Outside the USA. Ed. T. Mitchell. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2001. 57-85. Download Swedenburg, Ted. Islam in the Mix: Lessons from the Five Percent. 1996. June 16 2004.
• X, Malcolm, and Alex Haley. The Autobiography of Malcom X Chapter 17, “Mecca”). Download X, Malcolm, and Alex Haley. The Autobiography of Malcolm X, ch. 17, “Mecca.”
• Moore, Kathleen M. “Representation of Islam in the Language of Law: Some Recent U.S. Cases.” Muslims in the West: From Sojourners to Citizens, 187-204. Download Moore, Kathleen M. “Representation of Islam in the Language of Law: Some Recent U.S. Cases.”, 187-204.
• McCloud, Aminah Beverly. “The Scholar and the Fatwa” Windows of Faith: Muslim Women Scholar-Activists in North America 136-144. Download McCloud, Aminah Beverly. “The Scholar and the Fatwa.” Windows of Faith : Muslim Women Scholar-Activists in North America, 136-144.

Muslims in America: the Nation of Islam (PPT)

Videos

Brief Synopsis: This is a 2-part Youtube video. It’s an Israeli TV program about Hossein Derakhshan’s views on the sexual Revolution in Iran. The Israeli program was called Sex and City:Tehran. Also known as Hoder, Derakhshan is credited with starting the blogging revolution in Iran and is called the father of Persian blogging by many journalists. After leaving Iran in 2000 and becoming a Canadian citizen, Derakhshan visited Israel (as a Canadian citizen since Iranians are banned to travel to the state of Israel with their passports, that is travelling to Israel is an illegal act for an Iranian citizen) in January 2006. He stated that he went to Israel as a personal attempt to start a dialogue between Iranian and Israeli people.

“This might mean that I won’t be able to go back to Iran for a long time, since Iran doesn’t recognize Israel, has no diplomatic relations with it, and apparently considers traveling there illegal. Too bad, but I don’t care. Fortunately, I’m a citizen of Canada and I have the right to visit any country I want. I’m going to Israel as a citizen journalist and a peace activist. As a citizen journalist, I’m going to show my 20,000 daily Iranian readers what Israel really looks like and how people live there. The Islamic Republic has long portrayed Israel as an evil state, with a consensual political agenda of killing every single man and woman who prays to Allah, including Iranians. I’m going to challenge that image. As a peace activist, I’m going to show the Israelis that the vast majority of Iranians do not identify with Ahmadinejad’s rhetoric, despite what it looks like from the outside. I’m going to tell them how any kind of violent action against Iran would only harm theyoung people who are gradually reforming the system and how the radicals would benefit from such situation.”

He decided to go back to Iran in 2008 and was arrested at his family home in Tehran and sentenced to 19 1/2 years in prison. One of his charges where going to Israel and talking on Israeli TV. He was called an enemy of the state.