In spoken Persian the numbers also undergo some modifications as well:
one | yek | [tag resources diglossia10001]یک[/tag] | ye | [tag resources diglossia10002]یه[/tag] |
four | cahār | [tag resources diglossia10003]چهار[/tag] | cār | [tag resources diglossia10004]چار[/tag] |
six | šeš | [tag resources diglossia10005]شش[/tag] | šiš | [tag resources diglossia10006]شیش[/tag] |
fourteen | cahārdah | [tag resources diglossia10009]چهارده[/tag] | cārda: | [tag resources diglossia10010]چاردَ[/tag] |
fifteen | pānzdah | [tag resources diglossia10011]پانزده[/tag] | punza: | [tag resources diglossia10012]پونزَ[/tag] |
sixteen | šānzdah | [tag resources diglossia10013]شانزده[/tag] | šunza: | [tag resources diglossia10014]شونزَ[/tag] |
seventeen | hefdah | [tag resources diglossia10015]هفده[/tag] | hivda: | [tag resources diglossia10016]هیودَ[/tag] |
eighteen | hejdah | [tag resources diglossia10017]هجده[/tag] | hižda: | [tag resources diglossia10018]هیژدَ[/tag] |
fourty | cehel | [tag resources diglossia10019]چهل[/tag] | cel | [tag resources diglossia10020]چل[/tag] |
fifty | panjāh | [tag resources diglossia10021]پنجاه[/tag] | panjā: | [tag resources diglossia10022]پنجا[/tag] |
sixty | šast | [tag resources diglossia10023]شصت[/tag] | šas | [tag resources diglossia10024]شص[/tag] |
Although technically yek ‘a, one’ and the indefinite ی ‘a’ cannot be used together with the same noun, in spoken Persian they are always used together in dependant clauses; for example, [tag resources diglossia11001]یه مردی بود[/tag]ye mard-i bud… ‘there was a man…’ (very sporadically ye mard bud; but never mard-i bud), [tag resources diglossia11002]یه کتابی خریدم[/tag] ye ketāb-i xaridam… ‘I bought a book…’, etc. In poetry occasionally this occurs because of the timing of the verse. For instance, in the following distich, Mowlānā Jalāl ud-Din Balkhi (aka Rumi), instead of [tag resources diglossia11003]یک شبان[/tag] yek šabān has used [tag resources diglossia11003a]یک شبانی[/tag] yek šabān-i; because شبان šabān is disyllabic while he needed a trisyllabic word:
did musā yek šabāni rā be rāh[tag resources diglossia11004]دید موسی یک شبانی را به راه[/tag]
‘once Moses saw a shepherd on the/his way’
Although Persian does not have a definite article of any sort, and a noun is only syntactically introduced as definite, the spoken Persian has an [-e] enclitic, which functions as a definite article. This [-e] takes the stress:
mard-e| | [tag resources diglossia12001]مردی[/tag] ‘the man’ |
ketāb-e| kojās? | [tag resources diglossia12002]کتابه کجاست؟[/tag] ‘where is the book?’ |
māšin-e| ro xaridam | [tag resources diglossia12003]ماشین رو خریدم[/tag] ‘I bought the car’ (Tehrani, māšinaro xaridam) |
(Note: In the Persic dialects, such as Shirazi, Bushehri, etc., this definite enclitic is [-u], which just like its Standard Persian counterpart, takes the stress; as in [tag resources diglossia12004]مردو[/tag] mardu|, [tag resources diglossia12005]زنو[/tag]zanu|, [tag resources diglossia12006]کتابو[/tag] ketābu|, ‘the man,’ ‘the woman,’ ‘the book,’ etc.)