Verbs

Verbs are discussed extensively in this section, including, but not limited to, complex and compound verbs, past participle, and infinitives.

Click on the following alphabetical chart for a reference list of the most useful simple and compound verbs in their infinitival form arranged alphabetically. (note that to prevent redundancy, the preposition ‘to’ has been omitted in the English translations). See notes at the end for further explanation.

ح چ ج ث ت پ ب ا آ
ش س ژ ز ر ذ د خ
ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص
ی ه و ن م ل گ ک
Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter آ back to top
adorn ārāstan

آراستن

vex, molest, (emotionally) hurt, afflict āzordan

آزردن

try, test āzmāyaš kardan

آزمایش کردن

try, test, experiment āzmudan

آزمودن

rest, relax āsudan

آسودن

create āfaridan

آفریدن

fill up, stuff ākandan

آکندن

defile, contaminate āludan

آلودن

come āmadan

آمدن

have mercy upon a soul āmorzidan

آمرزیدن

intransitive verb learn;
transitive verb teach
āmuxtan

آموختن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb mix
āmixtan

آمیختن

bring āvardan

آوردن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb hang
āvixtan

آویختن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ا back to top
feel ehsās kardan

احساس کردن

annoy, vex aziyyat kardan

اذیّت کردن

be worth arzidan

ارزیدن

marry ezdevāj kardan

ازدواج کردن

fall, befall oftādan

افتادن

raise afrāštan

افراشتن

transitive verb
intransitive verb light, kindle,
set alight, set ablaze
afruxtan

افروختن

transitive verb add, increase afzudan

افزودن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb congeal, wither
afsordan

افسردن

throw, drop, cast afkandan

افکندن

test, try, examine emtehān kardan

امتحان کردن

give a chance (to), give opportunity emkān dādan

امکان دادن

fill (in), over-fill, over-stuff anbāštan

انباشتن

chose, vote for entexāb kardan

انتخاب کردن

await entezār kašidan

انتظار کشیدن

accomplish, achieve, do, perform,
literally, bring to an end
anjām dādan

انجام دادن

throw, drop, cast andāxtan

انداختن

stir up, excite, provoke, incite angixtan

انگیختن

stand; stop, stand still istādan

ایستادن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ب back to top
lose (especially in a game or bet) bāxtan

باختن

rain (down), fall in numerous particles
(as in the snow)
bāridan

باریدن

arrest, confine bāzdāšt kardan

بازداشت کردن

transitive verb stop, prevent bāz.dāštan

باز داشتن

open bāz kardan

باز کردن

play (not used for playing
musical instrument, for which see navāxtan)
bāzi kardan

بازی کردن

weave bāftan

بافتن

believe bāvar kardan

باور کردن

forgive baxšudan

بخشودن

bestow, give (in charity); forgive baxšidan

بخشیدن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb agitate,
stir up, become tremendously upset
bar.āšoftan

برآشفتن

come out, rise (sun, moon, etc.) bar.āmadan

برآمدن

overthrow bar.andāxtan

برانداختن

incite bar. angixtan

برانگیختن

select and pick; wrap up bar.cidan

برچیدن

stand up, get up, rise up bar.xāstan

برخاستن

meet, come across; collide;
hurt feelings
bar.xordan

برخوردن

pick up bar.dāštan

برداشتن

take (away), carry (away);
win (in a game or bet)
bordan

بردن

uproot, cut off bar.kandan

برکندن

choose, select bar.gozidan

برگزیدن

intransitive verb return;
turn over, turn around
bar.gaštan

برگشتن

cut boridan

بریدن

tie, fasten, shut, block
(as in a road); freeze (liquids, etc.)
bastan

بستن

lift boland kardan

بلند کردن

be budan

بودن

kiss busidan

بوسیدن

come to mind be yād āmadan

به یاد آمدن

remember, recall; remind be yād āvardan

به یاد آوردن

remember be yād dāštan

به یاد داشتن

sift bixtan

بیختن

throw out (an animate), kick out,
chase (out); fire (s.o.)
birun kardan

بیرون کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter پ back to top
stand up; get up; get out of bed pā.šodan

پاشدن

transitive verb
scatter (around); sprinkle
pāšidan

پاشیدن

clean; erase, delete pāk kardan

پاک کردن

watch over pāyidan

پاییدن

cook; bake; persuade
(especially a woman)
poxtan

پختن

entertain/receive (guests) pazirāyi kardan

پذیرایی کردن

accept, be persuaded; receive paziroftan

پذیرفتن

scatter, disperse parākandan

پراکندن

pay; get busy with pardāxtan

پرداختن

worship parastidan

پرستیدن

ask, enquire porsidan

پرسیدن

fly parvāz kardan

پرواز کردن

train, nourish, raise (a child,
an animal, etc.)
parvardan

پروردن

train, nourish parvaridan

پروریدن

fly, soar; jump, leap, hop paridan

پریدن

assume, take for, imagine, think pendāštan

پنداشتن

intransitive verb hide penhānšodan

پنهان شدن

transitive verb hide, conceal penhān kardan

پنهان کردن

put on, wear; transitive verb
clothe; transitive verb hide
pušidan

پوشیدن

spread (flat), widen pahn kardan

پَهن کردن

wrap; transitive verb twist picidan

پیچیدن

find peydā kardan

پیدا کردن

step forward, approach
(the speaker); occur
piš āmadan

پیش آمدن

take the lead, outrun others piš oftādan

پیش افتادن

make a process/work advance,
progress; gain the upper hand
piš bordan

پیش بردن

traverse; measure, weigh;
pass through, pass over
peymudan

پیمودن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb join
peyvastan

پیوستن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ت back to top
shine, illuminate; twist and spin
(cords, threads, strings, etc.)
tābidan

تابیدن

gallop, put to the gallop tāxtan

تاختن

shine; twist (yarn, etc.) tāftan

تافتن

shave (beard, etc.); carve (wood,
stone, metal, etc.)
tarāšidan

تراشیدن

prefer tarjih dādan

ترجیح دادن

fear, be scared tarsidan

ترسیدن

leave, abandon tark kardan

ترک کردن

abuse verbally, browbeating tašar zadan

تشر زدن

encourage tašviq kardan

تشویق کردن

confirm tasdiq kardan

تصدیق کردن

decide, make ones mind tasmim gereftan

تصمیم گرفتن

ratify tasvib kardan

تصویب کردن

be astonished, be surprised, be amazed ta’ajjob kardan

تعجّب کردن

relate, tell about, narrate;
describe, define; praise, commend
ta’rif kardan

تعریف کردن

repair ta’mir kardan

تعمیر کردن

intransitive verb change taγyir kardan

تغییر کردن

transitive verb change taγyir dādan

تغییر دادن

present (with respect); formal/polite for “to give” taqdim kardan

تقدیم کردن

divide, share taqsim kardan

تقسیم کردن

strengthen taqviyyat kardan

تقویت کردن

intransitive verb shake,
move, jerk; be shocked or startled
ta/ekān xordan

تکان خوردن

transitive verb shake,
move, wag, give a shake
ta/ekān dādan

تکان دادن

transitive verb shake (off) ta/ekāndan

تکاندن

repeat ta/ekrār kardan

تکرار کردن

lean (against/upon) tekkiye dādan

تکیّه دادن

watch tamāšā kardan

تماشا کردن

be finished, be used up, intransitive verb end, come to an end tamāmšodan

تمام شدن

transitive verb finish, end,
use up, bring to an end
tamām kardan

تمام کردن

exercise, practice tamrin kardan

تمرین کردن

punish, repremand tanbih kardan

تنبیه کردن

weave tanidan

تنیدن

be able, can tavānestan

توانستن

repent towbe kardan

توبه کردن

pay attention; bear in mind tavajjoh dāštan

توجّه داشتن

pay attention tavajjoh kardan

توجّه کردن

explain, make clear, elucidate towzih dādan

توضیح دادن

intransitive verb stop, make a pause tavaqqof kardan

توقّف کردن

arrest, confine; confiscate towqif kardan

توقیف کردن

produce, manufacture towlid kardan

تولید کردن

threat, threaten tahdid kardan

تهدید کردن

slander tohmat zadan

تهمت زدن

aching with a shooting pain tir ka/ešidan

تیر کشیدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ث back to top
prove; make fast (in colors); make
stand firm (a pole, etc.)
sābet kardan

ثابت کردن

(plants, trees; an endeavor, etc.) render fruit samar dādan

ثمر دادن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ج back to top
sweep jāru kardan

جارو کردن

sweep jāru ka/ešidan

جارو کشیدن

compensate; retaliate jobrān kardan

جبران کردن

separate; select, pick out jodā kardan

جدا کردن

be current, be running (water, etc.) jaryān dāštan

جریان داشتن

have courage, be intrepid jor’at dāštan

جرأت داشتن

intransitive verb dare jor’at kardan

جرأت کردن

search, look for jost-o-ju kardan

جستجو کردن

jump, leap; flee, escape jastan

جَستن‍

search for, seek jostan

جُستن

celebrate jašn gereftan

جشن گرفتن

attract jalb kardan

جلب کردن

intransitive verb gather,
come together, be accumulated
jam’šodan

جمع شدن

transitive verb gather, collect jam’ kardan

جمع کردن

move jombidan

جنبیدن

make war, fight jangidan

جنگیدن

answer, reply javāb dādan

جواب دادن

transitive verb boil jušāndan

جوشاندن

intransitive verb boil jušidan

جوشیدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter چ back to top
print cāp kardan

چاپ کردن

plunder cāpidan

چاپیدن

catch cold cāyidan

چاییدن

cause to graze, take the herd to
pasture
carānidan

چرانیدن

intransitive verb graze caridan

چریدن

transitive verb caus.
stick, paste together
casbāndan

چسباندن

transitive verb caus.
stick, paste together
casbānidan

چسبانیدن

intransitive verb stick (to),
cling to, adhere
casbidan

چسبیدن

taste ca/ešidan

چشیدن

drip ca/ekidan

چکیدن

pluck; cut (as in flowers, hair, etc.);
set in an order
cidan

چیدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ح back to top
get ready hāzeršodan

حاضر شدن

make ready, prepare hāzer kardan

حاضر کردن

guess hads zadan

حدس زدن

hanker (after), be greedy (for) hers zadan

حرص زدن

speak, talk; converse harf zadan

حرف زدن

move; leave (as in planes, ships,
trains, cars, etc.)
harekat kardan

حرکت کردن

feel hess kardan

حسّ کردن

protect hefāzat kardan

حفاظت کردن

preserve; defend hefz kardan

حفظ کردن

carry haml kardan

حمل کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter خ back to top
stand up, get up, rise xāstan

خاستن

turn/put off/out; make silent, silence xāmuš kardan

خاموش کردن

become dysfunctional,
intransitive verb break
xarābšodan

خراب شدن

make dysfunctional,
transitive verb break
xarāb kardan

خراب کردن

scratch xarāšidan

خراشیدن

buy xaridan

خریدن

sleep xoftan

خفتن

yawn xamyāze ka/ešidan

خمیازه کشیدن

laugh; (secondarily) smile xandidan

خندیدن

sleep, go to sleep, lie down xābidan

خوابیدن

want xāstan

خواستن

read, recite; sing; call upon, invoke xāndan

خواندن

request xāheš kardan

خواهش کردن

display oneself (in arrogance) xodna/emāyi kardan

خودنمایی کردن

eat; drink, consume orally;
collide (with)
xordan

خوردن

stare blankly xirešodan

خیره شدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter د back to top
give; engage in copulation
as the passive partner
dādan

دادن

have; hold; keep dāštan

داشتن

know dānestan

دانستن

stretch out, lie down da/erāz ka/ešidan

دراز کشیدن

come out; come in
(classical Persian), enter
darāmadan

درآمدن

bring out; take off (clothes, etc.) darāvardan

درآوردن

shine da/eraxšidan

درخشیدن

run away, flee; go/slip away
(strings, etc.); be dislocated (body parts);
(in guns) be fired (usually, accidentally),
go off; ovoid aresponsibility, shirk
dar raftan

در رفتن

let go off (a gun, cannon, etc.) dar kardan

در کردن

study dars xāndan

درس خواندن

die, pass away; forgive, remit dar gozaštan

درگذشتن

comprehend; realize dar yāftan

دریافتن

steal, rob dozdidan

دزدیدن

invite da’vat kardan

دعوت کردن

console deldāri dādan

دلداری دادن

blow, breathe; blossom;
rise (of the sun)
damidan

دمیدن

sew, stitch duxtan

دوختن

milk dušidan

دوشیدن

run davidan

دویدن

see didan

دیدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ذ back to top
be inherent, inborn zāti budan

ذاتی بودن

save, store zaxire kardan

ذخیره کردن

say, tell, utter zekr kardan

ذکر کردن

melth, thaw zob kardan

ذوب کردن

rejoice zoq kardan

ذوق کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ر back to top
drive; drive away rāndan

راندن

steal, rob, snatch, seize robudan

ربودن

deliver; caus. make reach ra/esāndan

رساندن

escape rastan

رَستن

(plants) grow rostan

رُستن

arrive, reach; ripen ra/esidan

رسیدن

spin (yarns, threads, etc.) reštan

رشتن

intransitive verb grow (up) rošd kardan

رشد کردن

observe; be considerate of others ra’āyat kardan

رعایت کردن

go raftan

رَفتن

sweep roftan

رُفتن

dance raqsidan

رقصیدن

shy off (as in horses, etc.) ram kardan

رم کردن

shy off ramidan

رمیدن

resort, appeal, take refuge ruāvardan

رو آوردن

face, encounter ru-be-rušodan

روبرو شدن

come face-to-face with, encounter ru-dar-rušodan

رو در رو شدن

become clear; be turned on
(lights, etc.),
intransitive verb start (cars, etc.)
rowšanšodan

روشن شدن

make clear; turn on (any kind
of apparatus: lights, cars, radios); kindle
rowšan kardan

روشن کردن

caus. grow ruyāndan

رویاندن

intransitive verb grow ruyidan

روییدن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb pour, spill;
cast (a mold, sculpture, etc.)
rixtan

ریختن

defecate ridan

ریدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ز back to top
give birth zāyidan

زاییدن

hit, strike zadan

زدن

wipe off, clean (off), remove
scour, file away
zodudan

زدودن

live zendegi kardan

زندگی کردن

live zistan

زیستن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ژ back to top
pose, posture, put up a front žest gereftan

ژست گرفتن

uncombed, untidy žulidan

ژولیدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter س back to top
make, build; put up (with),
tolerate; conspire
sāxtan

ساختن

entrust; consign; traverse sepordan

سپردن

praise se/otudan

ستودن

poke ones head out sarak ka/ešidan

سرک کشیدن

compose a verse sorudan

سرودن

bore, pierce, drill softan

سُفتن

travel safar kardan

سفر کردن

weigh, measure; contemplate,
ponder over, deliberate
sanjidan

سنجیدن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb burn; be/go
out in a game
suxtan

سوختن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ش back to top
make water, urinate šāšidan

شاشیدن

hurry šetāftan

شتافتن

become; be possible; go šodan

شدن

explain, relate šarh dādan

شرح دادن

begin, start šoru’ kardan

شروع کردن

wash šostan

شستن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb split, cut open
šekāftan

شکافتن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb break
šekastan

شکستن

count, reckon šomordan

شمردن

recognize, be familiar with, know šenāxtan

شناختن

hear šenoftan

شنفتن

hear ša/enidan

شنیدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ص back to top
flatten sāf kardan

صاف کردن

speak sohbat kardan

صحبت کردن

call (upon), invoke;
intransitive verb make a sound
sedā kardan

صدا کردن

be injured, suffer loss sadame didan

صدمه دیدن

injure sadame zadan

صدمه زدن

hunt, catch (fish, game, etc.) seyd kardan

صید کردن

polish seyqal dādan

صیقل دادن

polish seyqal zadan

صیقل زدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ض back to top
waste, spoil zāye’ kardan

ضایع کردن

confiscate; record (tape, etc.) zabt kardan

ضبط کردن

make suffer loss (especially in a
business deal), damage
zarar zadan

ضرر زدن

suffer loss (especially in a
business deal)
zarar kardan

ضرر کردن

guaranty, warrant; vouch,
endorse (another person)
za/emānat kardan

ضمانت کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ط back to top
endure, stay bear, take,
tolerate, suffer patiently
tāqatāvardan

طاقت آوردن

support, take side with tarafdāri kardan

طرفداری کردن

evade tafre raftan

طفره رفتن

demand talab kardan

طلب کردن

rise (of the sun, etc.) tolu’ kardan

طلوع کردن

be covetous tama’ dāštan

طمع داشتن

covet tama’ kardan

طمع کردن

traverse, pass through;
settle the price of a merchandise
ta/ey kardan

طی کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ظ back to top
make appear; develop
(films, pictures, etc.)
zāher kardan

ظاهر کردن

be able to contain oneself;
have capacity
zarfiyyat dāštan

ظرفیّت داشتن

commit tyranny zolm kardan

ظلم کردن

appear, emerge (a person) zohur kardan

ظهور کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ع back to top
grow helpless, grow frustrated ājezšodan

عاجز شدن

frustrate ājez kardan

عاجز کردن

be accustomed ādat dāštan

عادت داشتن

grow accustomed (to),
get the habit
ādat kardan

عادت کردن

set out āzemšodan

عازم شدن

fall in love āšeqšodan

عاشق شدن

learn one’s lesson from an
incident, take warning
ebrat gereftan

عبرت گرفتن

cross, traverse through obur kardan

عبور کردن

excuse oneself, evade ozrāvardan

عذر آوردن

apologize, ask pardon ozr xāstan

عذر خواستن

wed, get married arusi kardan

عروسی کردن

attempt; set forth towards azm kardan

عزم کردن

become angry, become irritated asabāni šodan

عصبانی شدن

forgive; grant amnesty afv kardan

عقو کردن

believe, have an opinion aqide dāštan

عقیده داشتن

have interest, have attachment (to),
be fond of, have affection (for)
alāqe dāštan

علاقه داشتن

signal, send a sign alāmat dādan

علامت دادن

act on amal kardan

عمل کردن

intransitive verb change avazšodan

عوض شدن

transitive verb change avaz kardan

عوض کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter غ back to top
plunder γārat kardan

غارت کردن

neglect (especially momentarily),
become heedless/inattentive
γafelšodan

غافل شدن

take/catch by surprise, surprise γāfelgir kardan

غافلگیر کردن

mutter, grumble γor-γor kardan

غرغر کردن

faint, pass out, swoon γaš kardan

غش کردن

grieve, be grieved, be sad γosse xordan

غصّه خوردن

neglect γeflat kardan

غفلت کردن

toss and turn; roll (on the ground,
grass, etc.)
γalt zadan

غلت زدن

roll, trundle, welter γalt xordan

غلت خوردن

roll, trundle, welter γaltidan

غلتیدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ف back to top
instigate a sedition fetne kardan

فتنه کردن

commit/exercise self-sacrifice fadākāri kardan

فداکاری کردن

run away, flee, escape farār kardan

فرار کردن

learn; cover, envelop farā gereftan

فرا گرفتن

be forgotten farāmuš šodan

فراموش شدن

forget farāmuš kardan

فراموش کردن

make available, prepare farāham sāxtan

فراهم ساختن

make available, prepare farāham kardan

فراهم کردن

send, dispatch ferestādan

فرستادن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb wear out
farsudan

فرسودن

carpet, cover (floor, ground, etc.) farš kardan

فرش کردن

suppose, assume farz kardan

فرض کردن

be different, differ (from) farq dāštan

فرق داشتن

be different, differ (from),
become different
farq kardan

فرق کردن

carry on an order or command farmān bordan

فرمان بردن

sell foruxtan

فروختن

sink (in), immerse, go under foru raftan

فرو رفتن

go down, sink forušodan

فرو شدن

suppress, quell, sate, satiate, quench foru nešāndan

فرو نشاندن

subside; settle, sink in
(such as the foundation of a building)
foru nešastan

فرو نشستن

come down, descend; land
(planes, etc.)
forudāmadan

فرود آمدن

shout, cry out faryād zadan

فریاد زدن

shout, cry out faryād kardan

فریاد کردن

entice, deceive fariftan

فریفتن

cause corruption fesād kardan

فساد کردن

press, squeeze fešār dādan

فشار دادن

press, squeeze fešordan

فشردن

think; assume, suppose fekr kardan

فکر کردن

pass away, die fowtšodan

فُوت شدن

pass away, die fowt kardan

فُوت کردن

understand, comprehend fahmidan

فهمیدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ق back to top
be persuaded, be convinced qāne’šodan

قانع شدن

persuade, convince qāne’ kardan

قانع کردن

seize the exclusive operation
(normally by force)
qabze kardan

قبضه کردن

pass (an exam, test, etc.),
be accepted
qabulšodan

قبول شدن

accept, consent qabul kardan

قبول کردن

take a step qadam bardāštan

قدم برداشتن

stroll, walk about casually qadam zadan

قدم زدن

place, fix (on, upon), set (upon) qarār dādan

قرار دادن

make an arrangement or
appointment, resolve
qarār gozāštan

قرار گذاشتن

be fixed (on, upon), be placed;
become quiet, become calm
qarār gereftan

قرار گرفتن

divide, share out qesmat kardan

قسمت کردن

make an attempt; set forth qasd kardan

قصد کردن

judge qezāvat kardan

قضاوت کردن

transitive verb cut off qat’ kardan

قطع کردن

promise qowl dādan

قول دادن

make promise qowl gereftan

قول گرفتن

compare qiyās kardan

قیاس کردن

stand up, rise (especially in
rebellion), revolt
qiyām kardan

قیام کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ک back to top
diminish,
transitive verb lessen
kāstan

کاستن

plant, sow, till kāštan

کاشتن

be beaten, be struck kotak xordan

کتک خوردن

strike, beat, hit kotak zadan

کتک زدن

to make a mess (of something) kesāfat zadan

کثافت زدن

conservative for ‘to stool’ kesāfat kardan

کثافت کردنریدن

dirty,
transitive verb make mess
kasif kardan

کثیف کردن

do; copulate as the active partner
(see dādan)
kardan

کردن

plant, sow, till keštan

کِشتن

kill koštan

کُشتن

draw, pull, drag; smoke;
transitive verb stretch
ka/ešidan

کشیدن

intransitive verb decrease,
lessen
kamšodan

کم شدن

transitive verb decrease,
lessen
kam kardan

کم کردن

get along, come to terms kenārāmadan

کنار آمدن

dig; cut off; remove or take off
one’s garment
kandan

کندن

tap, pound kubidan

کوبیدن

migrate kuc kardan

کوچ کردن

make an effort, strive kušeš kardan

کوشش کردن

make an effort, strive kušidan

کوشیدن

pound kuftan

کوفتن

wind (watch, clock), tune (mus. inst.);
instigate (a person)
kuk kardan

کوک کردن

carry on the back kul kardan

کول کردن

carry on the back kul gereftan

کول گرفتن

enjoy oneself immensely keyf kardan

کِیف کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter گ back to top
transitive verb,
intransitive verb smelt,
transitive verb melt
godāxtan

گداختن

put, let; pass (by, through) gozārdan

گذاردن

put, place; let gozāštan

گذاشتن

spend (time); pass a test;
have one’s thesis passed
gozarāndan

گذراندن

pass by, go beyond; let go, connive at gozaštan

گذشتن

intransitive verb gather (around) gerdāmadan

گِرد آمدن

transitive verb gather (around),
collect
gerd āvardan

گِرد آوردن

transitive verb gather (around),
collect
gerdāvari kardan

گِرد آوری کردن

turn gardāndan

گرداندن

turn gardidan

گردیدن

be caught, be arrested; be entangled gereftār šodan

گرفتار شدن

take, seize, capture, arrest gereftan

گرفتن

follow (as a result of believing in s.o.),
become a follower of
ga/ravidan

گرویدن

flee gorixtan

گریختن

cry ga/eristan

گریستن

cry ga/erye kardan

گریه کردن

cry ga/eryidan

گرییدن

perform a ritual gozārdan

گزاردن

bite, sting gazidan

گَزیدن

choose, select gozidan

گُزیدن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb break off
gosastan

گُسستن

transitive verb,
intransitive verb break off
gosixtan

گسیختن

open (wide) gošādan

گُشادن

intransitive verb turn, rotate,
spin; stroll, walk about; become;
transitive verb search
gaštan

گشتن

open (wide) gošudan

گشودن

say, tell goftan

گفتن

appoint gomāštan

گماشتن

suppose, assume gomān bordan

گمان بردن

suppose, assume gomān kardan

گمان کردن

be contained, be held, fit into, go into gonjidan

گُنجیدن

punish gušmali dādan

گوشمالی دادن

deceive, fool gul zadan

گول زدن

acquire, obtain girāvardan

گیر آوردن

get caught; get entangled gir oftādan

گیر افتادن

get stuck gir kardan

گیر کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ل back to top
boast lāf zadan

لاف زدن

get naked, remove one’s clothes,
intransitive verb strip
loxtšodan

لخت شدن

transitive verb strip (off);
rob off or con someone
loxt kardan

لخت کردن

enjoy, delight in la/ezzat bordan

لذّت بردن

tremble, shake larzidan

لرزیدن

cause injury, damage, or loss latme zadan

لطمه زدن

slip laγzidan

لغزیدن

kick lagad zadan

لگد زدن

trample upon lagadmāl kardan

لگدمال کردن

mutter, grumble lond-lond kardan

لُندلُند کردن

limp lang zadan

لَنگ زدن

limp langidan

لنگیدن

snitch on someone, betray low dādan

لُو دادن

squash, smash leh kardan

لِه کردن

slip, slide liz xordan

لیز خوردن

lick lisidan

لیسیدن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter م back to top
rub mālidan

مالیدن

remain, stay; resemble māndan

ماندن

resemble mānestan

مانِستن

be inclined to māyel budan

مایل بودن

realize; turning towards motevajjehšodan

متوجّه شدن

have recourse to motevassel šodan

متوسّل شدن

be born motevalledšodan

متولّد شدن

punish, penalize mojāzāt kardan

مجازات کردن

be reckoned, be considered mahsub šodan

محسوب شدن

interfere modāxele kardan

مداخله کردن

die mordan

مردن

travel mosāferat kardan

مسافرت کردن

triumph over, gain dominance over mostowli šodan

مستولی شدن

make fun of, ridicule, mock masxare kardan

مسخره کردن

block, shut masdud kardan

مسدود کردن

strike with a fist, box mošt zadan

مشت زدن

consult, take counsel, ask advice mašverat kardan

مشورت کردن

consume, use masraf kardan

مصرف کردن

withhold (from) mozāyeqe kardan

مضایقه کردن

apologize, beg forgiveness, beg pardon ma’zerat xāstan

معذرت خواستن

defeat, conquer maγlub kardan

مغلوب کردن

suck ma/ekidan

مکیدن

meet molāqāt kardan

ملاقات کردن

start dwelling, stay manzel kardan

منزل کردن

change one’s mind, turn back,
dispense with, give up
monsaref šodan

منصرف شدن

dissuade monsaref kardan

منصرف کردن

become extinct monqarez šodan

منقرض شدن

become upset; be touched at heart,
be affected with nausea
monqalebšodan

منقلب شدن

deny monkeršodan

منکر شدن

agree, consent movāfeqat kardan

موافقت کردن

succeed movaffaqšodan

موفّق شدن

migrate, emigrate mohājerat kardan

مهاجرت کردن

adjust (devices, etc.), regulate mizān kardan

میزان کردن

be inclined, wish, desire, have a relish meyl dāštan

مِیل داشتن

feel like; consume orally
(polite way of offering edibles)
meyl kardan

میل کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ن back to top
be annihilated, perish nābudšodan

نابود شدن

annihilate nābud kardan

نابود کردن

betray, “play a dirty game” nārow zadan

نارو زدن

foul-mouth, curse, use abusive words nāsezā goftan

ناسزا گفتن

make defective, make dysfunctional nāqes kardan

ناقص کردن

lament, groan nāle kardan

ناله کردن

name, mention nām bordan

نام بردن

name, call nāmidan

نامیدن

be related (to) nesbat dāštan

نسبت داشتن

show nešān dādan

نشان دادن

make sit; quench (thirst, etc.) nešāndan, caus.

نشاندن

sit; land (as in planes, flies, etc.) nešastan

نشستن

hate nefrat dāštan

نفرت داشتن

breathe nafas ka/ešidan

نفس کشیدن

penetrate, influence nofuz kardan

نفوذ کردن

paint (buildings, etc.), (art) paint/draw
an image
naqqāši kardan

نقّاشی کردن

critique; cash out naqd kardan

نقد کردن

write negāštan

نگاشتن

look negāh kardan

نگاه کردن

look negaristan

نگریستن

keep, hold; stop negah dāštan

نگه داشتن

say/observe/perform prayers namāz xāndan

نماز خواندن

show, put on display namāyeš dādan

نمایش دادن

seem, appear; show, represent; do ne/omudan

نمودن

soothe, caress, fondle; display
appreciation and reward for his/her
good deed; play an instrument
navāxtan

نواختن

caress, fondle navāzeš kardan

نوازش کردن

write neveštan

نوشتن

drink nušidan

نوشیدن

put, place; let na/ehādan

نهادن

sting niš zadan

نیش زدن

perform charity; perform piety niki kardan

نیکی کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter و back to top
compel vādār kardan

وادار کردن

compel vā.dāštan

واداشتن

be appropriate; be familiar/expert
in a matter
vāred budan

وارد بودن

enter; become acquainted with
(profession, etc.), be imported
vāredšodan

وارد شدن

collapse; take aback vā raftan

وارفتن

reject, refuse vā zadan

وازدن

take place, happen; be located (at);
become the object of
vāqe’šodan

واقع شدن

open vā kardan

وا کردن

open vāz kardan

واز کردن

hand over; abandon vā gozāštan

وا گذاشتن

pick up var.dāštan

ورداشتن

tinker, fiddle with,
fool around with
var raftan

ور رفتن

blow (wind) vazidan

وزیدن

patch vasle kardan

وصله کردن

make a will vasiyyat kardan

وصیّت کردن

(make a) promise va’de dādan

وعده دادن

(make a) promise va’de kardan

وعده کردن

adapt, co-ordinate vefq dādan

وفق دادن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ھ back to top
attack, charge (forward) hojumāvardan

هجوم آوردن

attack, charge (forward) hojum bordan

هجوم بردن

express sympathy, console hamdardi kardan

همدردی کردن

accompany hamrāhi kardan

همراهی کردن

boo, ridicule, heckle how kardan

هُو کردن

feel like, have desire (for) havas dāštan

هوس داشتن

desire (s.th.), long for (s.th.) havas kardan

هوس کردن

become excited and precipitated howlšodan

هول شدن

be terrified howl kardan

هول کردن

Click here to hear a list of the verbs starting with the letter ی back to top
remind yād.āvari kardan

یاد آوری کردن

teach, instruct yād dādan

یاد دادن

note, make a note of yād.dāšt kardan

یادداشت کردن

learn yād gereftan

یاد گرفتن

be able to yārestan

یارستن

find yāftan

یافتن

intransitive verb freeze yax bastan

یخ بستن

be startled; shocked with
astonishment or disappointment
yekke xordan

یکّه خوردن

    1. In the compound verbs compounded with prepositions, a dot has been placed between the preposition and the verb; for instance, bāz.dāštan ‘to prevent;’ transitive verb ‘stop,’ bar.dāštan ‘to pick up.’ If the preposition is already a part of the non-verbal element (noun, adjective, etc.), then it is written as one word along with the non-verbal element; such as bāzdāšt kardan ‘to arrest, confine,’ bardāšt kardan ‘to withdraw (from an account, a saving, etc.); to construe.’
    2. Historical compound words which in Modern Persian are considered simple words (as opposed to compounds), are written as one word; such as parvāz ‘flight,’ as in par ‘feather’+ v/bāz ‘open (wide)’; hence, parvāz kardan ‘to fly.’
    3. The same is the case of the historical prefixes such as [ā-] in words such as āmadan; because in Modern Persian they are not considered prefixes.
    4. It must be understood that not all Arabic loan-words keep their original meaning when they enter by Persian. For instance, the word taqdim ‘to give precedence and preference, put ahead or foremost’ in Persian taqdim kardan means ‘to present or offer (something to someone) with respect’; tamāšā ‘to walk together’ in Persian means ‘to watch, observe.’ Although occasionally these words are used for their original Arabic meanings (such as in the classical, and/or archaic Persian), in many instances in Modern Persian the true meanings are lost, although a knowledgeable speaker of Modern Persian still can recognize them when he or she reads a classical text.