Generally speaking, the diglossia rules of Persian are inconsistent and only implemented to some extent. Still, it is very useful to learn them, particularly when listening to native speakers with varying dialects.

Here in the following pages are gathered 10 sets of basic rules, in no particular order.

Let’s begin with some basic phonemic consonant changes:

In the [st] and [zd] clusters the alveolar plosives are assimilated into the preceding alveolar fricatives, as [s] ([ss] before a vowel) and [z] ([zz] before a vowel):

The [n] in an [nb] cluster is invariably pronounced as [m] (that is, [nb] becomes [mb]); this is in the anticipation of the following bilabial:

In certain instances the [b] of [-mb] cluster (from [-nb]) disappears in final position:

Only in the following words the final [-ar] becomes [-e]:

The particles digar and magar have many syntactic functions. See the sections on these particles.